Month: December 2022

Fuerstenau, D. W. published the artcileExcess nonequilibrium collector adsorption and flotation rates, Category: catalysis-chemistry, the publication is Minerals & Metallurgical Processing (2001), 18(2), 83-86, database is CAplus.

Experiments using an optically polished Pyrex disk and aqueous dodecylammonium acetate (DAA) films showed that the velocity with which the films recede increases markedly if the runs are repeated at short time intervals, where equilibrium cannot be reattained. This behavior results from DAA mols. being desorbed from the disappearing liquid/air interface and being deposited on the solid/air interface being formed. Controlled experiments with Pyrex glass particles in a modified Hallimond tube showed a similar increase in flotation rate, again due to excess adsorption of DAA mols. that were transferred to the solid-air interface from the bubbles on contact.

Minerals & Metallurgical Processing published new progress about 2016-56-0. 2016-56-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Active Esterification, name is Dodecylamineacetate, and the molecular formula is C14H31NO2, Category: catalysis-chemistry.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Frey, Max published the artcileRecent methods in the investigation of propellants, Application of Bis(4-nitrophenyl)amine, the publication is Explosivstoffe (1964), 12(7), 149-57, database is CAplus.

Propellants contain gelatinized nitrocellulose (I) as the main energy producer in single-base powders, while double-base powders contain nitroglycerin (II) as a further energy producer that also aids gelatinization of the I. DNT and TNT have some gelatinizing properties and are contained in some kinds of powders as desensitizers. I and II give off nitrous gases on slow decomposition and stabilizing agents, such as Ph₂NH, centralite, and 2-nitrodiphenylamine, which take up the nitrous gases, are included. The stabilizers become converted into nitroso and nitro compounds Colorimetry shows that, after storage, a powder stabilized with Ph₂NH contains N-nitrosodiphenylamine, and mono-, di-, and trinitrodiphenylamines. Polarography was used for the analysis of propellants. Extraction of the propellant with CH₂Cl ₂and evaporation of the solvent gave a residue that was dissolved in MeOH. By polarography in an NH₄OH/aqueous NH₄Cl/MeOH buffer solution, the II and DNT/TNT could be estimated By first reducing the II with FeSO₄, the nitro compounds derived from the diphenylamine stabilizers could be polarographically estimated by first hydrogenating all nitro compounds with a H/Pd catalyst, followed by polarography in tetramethylammonium bromide solution (reduction potential 2.6 v.), the dialkyl phthalates used as plasticizers could be estimated For example, 2 g. propellant was exstd. in a Soxhlet apparatus for 48 hrs. with CH₂Cl₂. The solvent is evaporated at 40¡ã and the residue is dissolved in MeOH and made up to 100 ml. To a 100-ml. flask, is added MeOH 5, EtOH 5, basic buffer solution (NH₃₄Cl 5.3, 25% NH₄OH 6.8, H₂O 500, MeOH 500 g.), and fresh 0.2% gelatin solution 5 ml., and the solution made up to 100 ml. with more of the basic buffer solution This solution is polarographed. A further 5 ml. of the MeOH solution of the propellant extract is mixed with 5 ml. of a standard solution of the component to be determined, e.g. 1% II in EtOH, and made up to 100 ml. with the basic buffer solution and 5 ml. of the gelatin solution It is then polarographed. If the limiting current in the first case is i₁ and in the second case i₂, the % II is i₁/(i₂ – i₁).

Explosivstoffe published new progress about 1821-27-8. 1821-27-8 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Nitro Compound,Amine,Benzene, name is Bis(4-nitrophenyl)amine, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O4, Application of Bis(4-nitrophenyl)amine.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Franzen, Volker published the artcileMolecular rearrangement during the oxidation of acetylenic hydrocarbons with peracetic acid. A new route to ¦Á-branched carboxylic acids, Formula: C10H20O2, the publication is Chemische Berichte (1954), 1219-25, database is CAplus.

Reaction of RCú·CR’ with AcO₂H (I) yields, in addition to RCO₂H and R’CO₂H, RR’CHCO₂H, probably via RR’C:C:O, by a mechanism (details given) similar to that of the Wolff-Schroeter (C.A. 3, 2555) and Buckley-Levy (C.A. 46, 9055e) rearrangements. Degrading Bu₂CHCO₂H (II) to Bu₂CO (III) proved its structure. Keeping 20 g. (EtCú·)₂ and 3 equivalents 12% I 10 days, removing AcOH in vacuo, and esterifying residual Et₂CHCO₂H, b₇₆₀ 191-5¡ã, with MeOH-HCl gave 8.2 g. Et₂CHCO₂Me, b₇₆₀ 134¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4052. (BuCú·)₂ and I similarly (reaction kept at 25¡ã and followed by titration) gave by fractional distillation BuCO₂Me, b₇₆₀ 125-7¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.3969, and Bu₂CHCO₂Me (IV), b₉ 90¡ã, n_D²³ 1.4232. IV (16 g.) refluxed with KOH in MeOH 2 hrs. and dilute H₂SO₄ added gave 12 g. II, b₁₂ 137¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4330, d₂₀ 0.8848, forming no urea adduct [p-toluidide of II, m. 115¡ã (from EtOH), prepared with SOCl₂ and p-toluidine]. Bu₂CHCH₂OH, b₁₂ 107¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4360, was prepared from IV with LiAlH₄. The chilled Grignard reagent from 20 g. Mg and 140 g. PhBr in 250 cc. Et₂O treated dropwise with 70 g. IV in 100 cc. Et₂O, boiled 3 hrs., decomposed with dilute H₂SO₄, and Et₂O residue distilled gave a trace of Ph₂, then 56 g. Bu₂CHC(OH)Ph₂ (V), b_0.5 168-70¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.5410. Heating 30 g. V with 20 g. KHSO₄ at 230¡ã 1 hr., decanting from salt, and distilling gave 21.7 g. Bu ₂CH:CHPh₂ (VI), b_4.8 183-4¡ã, n_D²¹ 1.5460. A solution of 17 g. VI in 60 cc. AcOH was ozonized at 0¡ã, treated with 4 g. Zn dust, concentrated to 0.5 volume, diluted with water, extracted with Et₂O, the extract washed with 2N Na₂CO₃, and the Et₂O residue fractionated, giving 4.8 g. III, b₂₈ 89-90¡ã, n_D²¹ 1.4200 (identical with compound prepared from Bu₂CHOH with CrO₃), forming urea adduct in MeOH [semicarbazone of III, m. 89¡ã (from EtOH)], and Ph₂CO, b_0.1 118-22¡ã [semicarbazone, m. 164¡ã]. PhCú·CMe treated with I gave, after esterifying, BzOMe, b₂₄ 96-8¡ã, and 20% PhCHMeCO₂Me, b₂₄ 115¡ã, n_D²⁵ 1.5010, which was saponified 2 hrs. with KOH in boiling MeOH, the acid treated with SOCl₂, and the PhCHMeCOCl, b₄₀ 33¡ã, poured into concentrated NH₄OH to give PhCHMeCONH₂, m. 92¡ã (from MeOH). PhCú·CCH₂Ph treated with I, AcOH evaporated, the mixture of acids extracted with 2N Na₂CO₃ and fractionally sublimed after addition of dilute H₂SO₄, gave below 160¡ã (1 mm.) BzOH and PhCH₂CO₂H [amide, m. 156¡ã], and at 200-10¡ã (0.1 mm.) 35% crude PhCH₂CHPhCO₂H [pure amide, m. 133¡ã (from aqueous EtOH)]. MeCú·CBu treated with I and product distilled gave BuCO₂H, b₁₂ 87¡ã, and BuCHMeCO₂H, b₁₂ 110-12¡ã, n_D¹⁸ 1.4200, d₁₇ 0.9085, no urea adduct. PrCú·CBu and I gave PrCO₂H, b₂₅ 78-82¡ã, BuCO₂H, b₂₅ 96-9¡ã [S-benzylthiuronium salts, m. 146¡ã and 156¡ã, resp.], and BuCHPrCO₂H, b₂₅ 140-42¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4297, no urea adduct [amide, m. 122¡ã]. MeCú·C(CH₂)₄Cú·CMe and I gave after esterification, distillation, and saponification HO₂CCHMe(CH₂)₄CHMeCO₂H (Steele, C.A. 25,919).

Chemische Berichte published new progress about 3115-28-4. 3115-28-4 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is 2-Butylhexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C10H20O2, Formula: C10H20O2.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Frank, Arlen W. published the artcileSynthesis of diarylphosphine oxides by the Friedel-Crafts method, Category: catalysis-chemistry, the publication is Journal of Organic Chemistry (1959), 966-8, database is CAplus.

The reaction of mesitylene (I), durene (II), and Me₅C₆H (III) with PCl₃ and AlCl₃ under conditions normally employed for the synthesis of primary RPCl₂ (IV) gave instead (after hydrolysis) good yields of R₂P(O)H (V), with small amounts of R₂P(O)OH (VI) as byproducts. The aromatic hydrocarbon [I, II, III or PhEt (VII)] (0.3 mole) refluxed 4 hrs. with stirring and exclusion of moisture with 1.2 moles PCl₃ and 0.4 mole AlCl₃, the heat source removed and 0.4 mole POCl₈ added at a rate sufficient to maintain reflux, the mixture heated 30 min. and the cooled mixture diluted with 300 ml. petr. ether, the liquid decanted through a sintered glass filter and the gummy complex washed twice with 100 ml. petr. ether, the petr. ether and low boiling liquid evaporated, and the residue distilled in vacuo through a 20 cm. Vigreux column gave only 52% IV (R = EtC₆H₄) (VIII), b_0.8 70-82¡ã. No IV were obtained under these conditions from I, II, or III. VIII (0.1 mole) hydrolyzed with alc.-H₂O according to Kosolapoff and Powell (CA 45, 2891h) gave an oily mixture, separated by conversion to the Na salts and taking the product up in Me₂CO, separating the insoluble Na salt, and reconverting to give 35% RPH(O)OH (IX) (R = p-EtC₆H₄), m. 67-8¡ã (C₆H₆). The remainder of the oily mixture consisted of 52% oily IX (R = o- and m-EtC₆H₄), yielding Na salts soluble in Me₂CO. The residue containing the AlCl₃-POCl₃ complex added in small portions to 1 l. H₂O with exothermic reaction and evolution of HCl and petr. ether vapors, the liquid decanted and extracted 3 times with 100 ml. C₆H₆, the gummy residue triturated with C₆H₆ and the combined C₆H₆ solutions washed with H₂O, the HCl-free solution extracted with dilute NaOH and washed with H₂O, filtered, and evaporated gave V (R = 2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂) (X), V (R = 2,3,5,6-Me₄C₆H) (XI), m. 150¡ã (decomposition) (C₆H₆), and V (R = Me₅C₆) (XII), m. 240¡ã (decomposition) (C₆H₆), in 59, 43, and 27% yields, resp. VII gave no phosphine oxide. Acidification of the NaOH extract with dilute HCl and extraction with C₆H₆ gave VI (R = EtC₆H₄), forming a pale blue crystalline Cu salt, VI (R = 2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂), m. 167-8¡ã (C₆H₆), VI (R = 2,3,5,6-Me₄C₆H) (XIII), m. 234-5¡ã (C₆H₆), VI (R = Me₅C), frothing on drying in vacuo, in 36, 5, 4, and 4% yields, resp. V were oxidized to establish their relationship with VI. Following failures with alk. H₂O₂ and alk. KMnO₄, 1 mmole XI was slurried with 0.40 g. NaOH and 2 mmoles K₃Fe(CN)₆ in 50 ml. H₂O and the mixture stirred 2 hrs. with heating to 80-90¡ã, the cooled solution filtered and acidified with HCl, extracted 3 times with C₆H₆ and the C₆H₆ solution extracted twice with H₂O, the aqueous extract filtered, and evaporated to dryness to give quant. the corresponding VI. X required 30 min. for complete oxidation but XII was only 14% oxidized in 14 hrs., the stability of V toward oxidizing agents increasing markedly with increasing ring substitution. The chem. evidence and the method of isolation supported the tetracovalent form for V and the infrared spectra clearly showed the presence of bands assigned to Pú´H and to P ¡ú O and the absence of the Pú´OH band present in XIII (compound, ¦Í of Pú´H, P ¡ú O, and Pú´OH in cm.^-1 given): X, 2335, 1175-1189, -; XI, 2380, 1160-1190, -; XII, 2340, 1170, -; XIII, -, 1160-1175, 2500-2780.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 23897-16-7. 23897-16-7 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Aryl phosphine ligand,Mono-phosphine Ligands, name is Dimesitylphosphine oxide, and the molecular formula is C18H23OP, Category: catalysis-chemistry.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Filleux-Blanchard, Marie L. published the artcileDynamic magnetic resonance of carbon. IV. Application to the conformational study of thioureas, Safety of 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, the publication is Organic Magnetic Resonance (1977), 9(3), 125-6, database is CAplus.

The conformational equilibrium of RNR1CSNR2R3 (R = R1 = R2 = R3 = H, Me; R = Me, Ph, Ac, R1 = R2 = R3 = H; R = R2 = Me, CMe3, o-MeC6H4, R1 = R3 = H; R = R1 = Me, R2 = R3 = H; R = R1 = Me, R2 = p-MeC6H4, R3 = H) were studied by 13C NMR. Hindered rotation of CMe3 groups was observed Substituent effects were studied.

Organic Magnetic Resonance published new progress about 6972-05-0. 6972-05-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Thiourea,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, and the molecular formula is C3H8N2S, Safety of 1,1-Dimethylthiourea.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Farooq, Omar published the artcileNucleophilic fluorination of alkoxysilane with alkali metal hexafluorophosphate. Part 1, Quality Control of 312-40-3, the publication is Journal of Fluorine Chemistry (1997), 86(2), 189-197, database is CAplus.

Alkali metal hexafluorophosphates were used to effect nucleophilic fluorination of a few selected alkoxysilanes both in the presence and absence of polar solvents. Near-quant. yields of fluorinated silanes were obtained using both alkoxy-equivalent of the complex salt and fluoride equivalent of alkoxysilanes. Some of the intermediate fluorosilanes and fluorophosphorus compounds were identified and the mechanism of fluorination is proposed.

Journal of Fluorine Chemistry published new progress about 312-40-3. 312-40-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Organic Silicones, name is Difluorodiphenylsilane, and the molecular formula is C12H10F2Si, Quality Control of 312-40-3.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Farooq, Omar published the artcileNucleophilic fluorination of alkoxysilane with alkali metal salts of perfluorinated complex anions. Part 2, Application In Synthesis of 312-40-3, the publication is Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1998), 661-666, database is CAplus.

Alkali metal salts of perfluorinated complex anions were used to effect nucleophilic fluorination of alkyl-, arylalkyl- and arylalkoxysilanes both in the presence and absence of solvent. Near-quant. yields of fluorinated silanes were obtained using equimolar quantities of F^– ion equivalent and alkoxysilanes. In certain cases, intermediate organoboron and organophosphorus compounds derived from the corresponding complex anions and alkoxysilanes are identified in the reaction mixtures, and based on these intermediates a mechanism of reaction is proposed.

Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry published new progress about 312-40-3. 312-40-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Organic Silicones, name is Difluorodiphenylsilane, and the molecular formula is C12H10F2Si, Application In Synthesis of 312-40-3.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Farooq, O. published the artcileFluoridative degradation of cyclosiloxanes with alkali metal salts of perfluorinated complex anion. Part 5, Product Details of C12H10F2Si, the publication is Journal of Organometallic Chemistry (2000), 613(2), 239-243, database is CAplus.

Alkali metal salts of perfluorinated ‘non-nucleophilic’ complex anions were used for fluoridative degradation of cyclosiloxanes under thermal conditions in the absence and presence of high boiling multifunctional ethereal solvent. The degradative products consist of fluorosilanes and fluorosiloxanes in low to moderate yields.

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry published new progress about 312-40-3. 312-40-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Organic Silicones, name is Difluorodiphenylsilane, and the molecular formula is C12H10F2Si, Product Details of C12H10F2Si.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Eynde, Jean Jacques Vanden published the artcileCOVID-19: failure of the DisCoVeRy clinical trial, and now-new hopes?, COA of Formula: C17H19N3O7S, the publication is Pharmaceuticals (2021), 14(7), 664, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The DisCoVeRy clin. trial aimed at the evaluation of four treatments for patients suffering from severe to critical COVID-19: Hydroxychloroquine, eventually associated with azithromycin; the combination lopinavir/ritonavir; the combination with the addition of interferon ¦Â-1a; remdesivir. The trial was discontinued due to the lack of pos. results. Meanwhile, many other potential options have been considered either to target the virus itself, the interactions with the host cells, or the cytokine storm frequently observed during the infection. Several of those options are briefly reviewed. They include vaccines, small mols., antibodies, and stem cells.

Pharmaceuticals published new progress about 71079-09-9. 71079-09-9 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Carboxylic acid,Carbamidine,Amine,Benzene,Ester,Protease,Ser/Thr Protease, name is 2-(4-((4-Guanidinobenzoyl)oxy)phenyl)acetic acid methanesulfonic acid salt, and the molecular formula is C17H19N3O7S, COA of Formula: C17H19N3O7S.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Exner, Otto published the artcileA quantitative study of the inductive effect, Recommanded Product: 4-(Phenoxymethyl)benzoic acid, the publication is Tr. Konf. po Probl. Primeneniya Korrelyatsion. Uravnenii v Organ. Khim., Tartusk. Gos. Univ., Tartu (1962), 67-88, database is CAplus.

cf. CA 58, 5468d. The dissociation constants of ¦Á-substituted p-toluic acids (I) yield Taft inductive constants for the substituents that agree with those obtained by other methods. The attenuation of the inductive effect by the CH₂ group is not explainable by the electrostatic theory. Comparison of the dissociation constants of I and ¦Á-substituted m-toluic acids shows that the inductive effect is relayed to the para and meta positions in the ratio of 1.13: 1. However, the Taft inductive and mesomeric constants for -M groups have no real significance. Comparison of the dissociation constants of II and III (R = H, Me, OH, SH, OMe, OPh, SO₂Ph, and NMe₃⁺) shows a greater transmission of the inductive effect in II, associated with its lower aromaticity.

Tr. Konf. po Probl. Primeneniya Korrelyatsion. Uravnenii v Organ. Khim., Tartusk. Gos. Univ., Tartu published new progress about 31719-76-3. 31719-76-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Ether, name is 4-(Phenoxymethyl)benzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C14H12O3, Recommanded Product: 4-(Phenoxymethyl)benzoic acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia