Category: 57412-08-5

Tuning fullerene miscibility with porphyrin-terminated P3HTs in bulk heterojunction blends was written by Seibers, Zach D.;Collier, Graham S.;Hopkins, Benjamin W.;Boone, Evan S.;Le, Thinh P.;Gomez, Enrique D.;Kilbey, S. Michael II. And the article was included in Soft Matter in 2020.Recommanded Product: 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Understanding and manipulating the miscibility of donor and acceptor components in the active layer morphol. is important to optimize the longevity of organic photovoltaic devices and control power conversion efficiency. In pursuit of this goal, a “porphyrin-capped” poly(3-hexylthiophene) was synthesized to take advantage of strong porphyrin:fullerene intermol. interactions that modify fullerene miscibility in the active layer. End-functionalized poly(3-hexylthiophene) was synthesized via catalyst transfer polymerization and subsequently functionalized with a porphyrin moiety via post-polymerization modification. UV-vis spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements show that the porphyrin-functionalized poly(3-hexylthiophene) exhibits increased intermol. interactions with phenyl-C61-butyric acid Me ester (PCBM) in the solid state compared to unfunctionalized poly(3-hexylthiophene) without sacrificing microstructure ordering that facilitates optimal charge transport properties. Addnl., differential scanning calorimetry revealed porphyrin-functionalized poly(3-hexylthiophene) crystallization decreased only slightly (1-6%) compared to unfunctionalized poly(3-hexylthiophenes) while increasing fullerene miscibility by 55%. Preliminary organic photovoltaic device results indicate device power conversion efficiency is sensitive to additive loading levels, as evident by a slight increase in power conversion efficiency at low additive loading levels but a continuous decrease with increased loading levels. While the increased fullerene miscibility is not balanced with significant increases in power conversion efficiency, this approach suggests that integrating non-bonded interaction potentials is a useful pathway for manipulating the morphol. of the bulk heterojunction thin film, and porphyrin-functionalized poly(3-hexylthiophenes) may be useful additives in that regard. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5Recommanded Product: 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol).

4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5) belongs to catalyst ligands. Ligands, especially phosphines and carbenes, can play a key role in modifying and controlling homogeneous organometallic catalysts. Precious metals and metal oxides on carrier materials are used in many industrial processes as heterogenous catalysts.Recommanded Product: 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol

Referemce:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

New Molecular Arrays Based on a Tin(IV) Porphyrin Scaffold was written by Kumar, A. Ashok;Giribabu, L.;Reddy, D. Raghunath;Maiya, Bhaskar G.. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2001.Application In Synthesis of 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Two new porphyrin arrays, a hexamer and a nonamer, were synthesized and characterized by elemental anal. as well as mass, ¹H NMR, and UV-visible spectroscopic methods. The scheme of construction of these arrays employs a synthetic protocol involving sequential organic and inorganic reactions conducted, resp., at the peripheral meso-Ph ring and the central tin(IV) ion of the porphyrin scaffold. The architecture of the hexamer is such that it is based on a covalently linked tin(IV) porphyrin dimer, with each of the two tin(IV) centers trans-axially ligated to two free-base porphyrins, while the higher homolog features a tin(IV) porphyrin trimer as the basal unit, with its central metalloid ions having two free-base porphyrins as axial ligands. This extended, axial-bonding-type architecture of the new arrays was studied by the ¹H NMR method, which reveals characteristic ring-current-induced shifts and coupling patterns for the resonances due to protons of the axial free-base porphyrin subunits. The presence of any ring-ring (basal-basal, basal-axial, or axial-axial) interaction in these arrays is not obvious from their UV-visible and redox potential data, which are close to those of the corresponding constituent monomeric species. However, their singlet-state activities are quite different from those of the precursor reference compounds as probed by steady-state fluorescence. The results of the detailed studies carried out on these hybrid, bichromophoric arrays were interpreted in terms of the occurrence of intra-array, inter-chromophore energy- and electron-transfer reactions. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5Application In Synthesis of 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol).

4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5) belongs to catalyst ligands. Ligands are classified based on the number of lone pair electrons available for the central metal atom, size and charge like anionic, cationic, neutral, monodentate, bidentate, polydentate ligands. The ability of ligands to engender a variety of useful properties of organometallic complexes is the major enabling force for the discovery of new catalytic reactions, activation of small molecules, dramatically enhanced reactivity.Application In Synthesis of 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Synthesis and biological activities of ifosfamide mustard porphyrin dimers was written by Wang, Zhi-wei;Guo, Can-cheng;Tian, Mi;Guo, Lin;Sun, Teng-fei;Guo, Qing-hu. And the article was included in Gaodeng Xuexiao Huaxue Xuebao in 2011.Formula: C47H36N4O The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Ifosfamide is one of the most important clin. alkylating agent due to its frequent use in cancer chemotherapy. It does not exhibit any cytotoxic activities in vitro, and requires hepatic oxidative metabolism in vivo to generate an alkylating ifosfamide mustard, which is regarded as the ultimate intracellular alkylating metabolite. However, its clin. uses are restricted due to they can not distinguish tumor cells from normal cells. Porphyrins could selectively accumulate in tumor tissues than in normal tissues. Based on these facts, an efficient one-pot method for the synthesis of ifosfamide mustard porphyrin dimers was. achieved by treating hydroxyl substituted porphyrin first with POCl₃ then with primary amine. The selective synthesis of ifosfamide mustard porphyrin dimers was achieved simply by controlling the ratio of POCl₃ vs. hydroxy porphyrin and the reaction condition during the phosphonation step. Five ifosfamide mustard porphyrin dimers were synthesized accordingly by this one-pot procedure and their structures were affirmed by MS, ¹H NMR, ³¹P NMR and elemental anal. The MTT tests and the uptake tests showed that ifosfamide mustard porphyrin dimers could selectively accumulate and kill cancer cells. The interaction between ifosfamide mustard porphyrin dimers and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by fluorescence spectra. The results showed that the ifosfamide mustard porphyrin dimers own a powerful ability of quenching the fluorescence of BSA via static quenching occurring in the non-covalent porphyrin-BSA complex. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5Formula: C47H36N4O).

4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5) belongs to catalyst ligands. A ligand is an ion or molecule, which donates a pair of electrons to the central metal atom or ion to form a coordination complex. It is clear that future advancements in metal complexes and their applications crucially depend on ligand design, whereas the ligand electronic, steric and topological properties provide numerous improvements to the reactivity and selectivity at the metal centers.Formula: C47H36N4O

Referemce:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Cyclotriphosphazene ring as a platform for multiporphyrin assemblies was written by Rao, M. Rajeswara;Gayatri, G.;Kumar, Amit;Sastry, G. Narahari;Ravikanth, M.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2009.Recommanded Product: 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Hexaporphyrin- and hexathiaporphyrin-substituted cyclotriphosphazenes are prepared as well as the zinc and copper complexes of a hexaporphyrin-substituted cyclotriphosphazene. Reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with six equivalent of a hydroxyphenyl-substituted porphyrin or thiaporphyrin in THF with cesium carbonate as a base yields hexaporphyrin-substituted and hexathiaporphyrin-substituted cyclotriphosphazenes in 85% and 87% yields, resp.; treatment of the hexaporphyrin-substituted cyclotriphosphazene with either zinc acetate or copper (II) chloride under standard metalation conditions yields the corresponding zinc and copper hexaporphyrin-substituted cyclotriphosphazene complexes. The UV/visible spectra of monomeric porphyrins and thiaporphyrins, the hexaporphyrin- and hexathiaporphyrin-substituted cyclotriphosphazenes, and the zinc and copper hexaporphyrin-substituted cyclotriphosphazene complexes are obtained. The absorption spectra and calculated conformations of the hexaporphyrin-substituted cyclotriphosphazene are determined; the compound forms ringlike structures observed by fluorescence microscopy. The oxidation and reduction potentials of the hexaporphyrin- and hexathiaporphyrin-substituted cyclotriphosphazenes, and the zinc hexaporphyrin-substituted cyclotriphosphazene complex are determined Copper hexaporphyrin-substituted cyclotriphosphazene complex cleaves supercoiled DNA in the absence of added oxidant; neither the hexaporphyrin-substituted cyclotriphosphazene nor copper tetraphenylporphyrin cleave supercoiled DNA under analogous conditions. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5Recommanded Product: 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol).

4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5) belongs to catalyst ligands. Ligand, in chemistry, any atom or molecule attached to a central atom, usually a metallic element, in a coordination or complex compound. Precious metals and metal oxides on carrier materials are used in many industrial processes as heterogenous catalysts.Recommanded Product: 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol

Referemce:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Synthesis of porphyrinyl nucleosides was written by Czuchajowski, Leszek;Habdas, Jan;Niedbala, Halina;Wandrekar, Vinay. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1992.Computed Properties of C47H36N4O The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Several porphyrinyl nucleosides were prepared in the reaction of the OH group of one, two, or four meso–p-hydroxyphenyl substituents of porphyrin with 5′-O-tosylates of 2′,3′-O-isopropylidene-adenosine or -uridine, or 5′-O-tosylthymidine; the remaining porphyrin meso-substituents were p-tolyl, p-hydroxyphenyl, or 4-pyridyl. The following porphyrinyl nucleosides were obtained with 8-17% yield: meso-di(p-tolyl)di(p-phenylene-5′-O-2′,3′-O-isopropylidene-adenosine) (or -uridine)porphyrins, the resp. meso-tetranucleoside-porphyrins 3,4-meso-mono(p-phenylene-5′-O-thymidine)porphyrins, meso-di(p-tolyl)di(p-phenylene-5′-O-thymidine)porphyrins and the meso-di(p-hydroxyphenyl)di(p-phenylene-5′-O-thymidine)porphyrins. Other compounds prepared belonged to the series: meso-(4-pyridyl)_4-n(p-phenylene-5′-O-2′,3′-O-isopropylideneuridine)_nporphyrin, n = 1,2,4. N-Methylation gave the water soluble iodide salts: (N-methyl-4-pyridinium)_4-n(p-phenylene-5′-O-2′,3′-isopropylideneuridine)_nporphyrins, n = 1, 2,4. The porphyrins meso disubstituted by thymidine represent a convenient substrate for the build-up of both nucleoside units into the oligo/polynucleotide chains. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5Computed Properties of C47H36N4O).

4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5) belongs to catalyst ligands. Ligands, especially phosphines and carbenes, can play a key role in modifying and controlling homogeneous organometallic catalysts. Replacing precious metals with cheaper and more environmentally friendly metals is regarded as a highly desirable goal in the field of catalysis.Computed Properties of C47H36N4O

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Aluminium(III) porphyrin based dimers and trimers: synthesis, spectroscopy and photochemistry was written by Prashanth Kumar, P.;Maiya, Bhaskar G.. And the article was included in New Journal of Chemistry in 2003.Name: 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The known oxophilicity of Al(III) ion and the well-defined redox and photochem. properties of Al(III) porphyrins were exploited to synthesize the functionally active, ‘axial-bonding’-type free base-Al(III) porphyrin dimer (H₂-Al) and free base-[aluminum(III) porphyrin]₂ trimer (H₂-Al₂), as well as the corresponding Cu(II) (Cu-Al, Cu-Al₂) and Zn(II) (Zn-Al, Zn-Al₂) derivatives These dimeric and trimeric species were fully characterized by mass (FAB), UV/visible, ¹H NMR (1-dimensional and ¹H-¹H COSY) and ESR spectroscopies and also by the differential pulse voltammetric method. Comparison of their spectroscopic and electrochem. data with those of the corresponding monomeric porphyrins reveals that there is no apparent ring-to-ring interactions in these ‘vertically’ linked dimers and trimers. The fluorescence quantum yields and singlet state life times are lower for H₂-Al and H₂-Al₂ in comparison with those of the monomeric chromophores. Electronic energy transfer from the Al(III) porphyrin to the free base subunit is detected in both H₂-Al and H₂-Al₂. Finally, a comparison is made between the presently reported Al(III) porphyrin based arrays and the previously reported analogous arrays based on Sn(IV), Ge(IV) and phosphorous(V) porphyrins with regard to their architectural features, spectroscopic properties and photochem. activities. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5Name: 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol).

4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5) belongs to catalyst ligands. Ligand, in chemistry, any atom or molecule attached to a central atom, usually a metallic element, in a coordination or complex compound. Replacing precious metals with cheaper and more environmentally friendly metals is regarded as a highly desirable goal in the field of catalysis.Name: 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol

Referemce:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Effect of hydroxy groups on nonlinear optical behaviour of encapsulated freebase porphyrin thin films in a borate glass matrix was written by Beniwal, Ravina;Gawas, Pratiksha;Prabha Charan, Chandra;Nutalapati, Venkatramaiah;Murali Krishna Mariserla, Bala. And the article was included in Materials Science & Engineering in 2022.Product Details of 57412-08-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The development of nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are crucial for technol. advancement in the field of optoelectronics and photonics. In this direction, porphyrin mols. are appeared to be a possible building material to play a key role in the light-matter interactions owing to their high degree of delocalized ¦Ð-electrons. The primary focus is to understand the effect of hydroxy Ph derivatives of meso-substituted porphyrins in an encapsulated borate glass matrix through linear and nonlinear optical measurements. The encapsulated porphyrin mols. show strong red shifted Soret (B) and Q-band absorption pattern in the range 455-460 nm and 680-700 nm, resp., and structure is modified. The Q-band is able to tune by varying the number of hydroxy groups on the Ph ring of the porphyrin mol. A similar red shift is observed in the emission spectra of the encapsulated porphyrin along with the appearance of a new emission peak due to impede N-B vibrations in the glass matrix. The NLO behavior of the encapsulated porphyrin thin films in borate glass matrix show reverse saturable absorption (RSA) at lower intensity region and crossover to saturable absorption (SA) at higher intensity. With the tunable intensity variations across the focal region, these porphyrin thin films exhibit switching behavior from RSA to SA unclog its potential to act as an optical limiter (in the intensity range <10 GW/cm²) and an optical switch (in the high intensity range ?10 GW/cm²). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5Product Details of 57412-08-5).

4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5) belongs to catalyst ligands. Ligands are classified based on the number of lone pair electrons available for the central metal atom, size and charge like anionic, cationic, neutral, monodentate, bidentate, polydentate ligands. The ligands are electron-rich and highly tunable to provide catalyst systems with a diverse scope, high stability, and reactivity.Product Details of 57412-08-5

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Metal complexes with tetrapyrrole ligands. Part 72. Cerium(IV) sandwich complexes with porphyrin ligands linked by aliphatic and quinone-containing bridges was written by Buchler, Johann;Heinz, Georg. And the article was included in Chemische Berichte in 1996.Product Details of 57412-08-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Starting from 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris(4-methylphenyl)porphyrin, the bis(porphyrinylphenoxy)alkanes I {X = (CH₂)₉, (CH₂)₁₀, 1-(CH₂)₃[2,5-(MeO)C₆H₂]-4-(CH₂)₃ (II)} were synthesized by etherification. The hydroquinone di-Me ether II was converted into the diporphyrin-quinone by ether cleavage with BBr₃ and subsequent oxidation with ammonium cerium nitrate. The bisporphyrins were metalated with Ce(acac)₃ to yield the corresponding Ce porphyrin sandwich complexes which carry the alkane links in vicinal positions at the porphyrin rings. They were characterized by UV/Vis, IR, ¹H NMR, and cyclic voltammetry. The quinone-bridged Ce sandwich complex contains the quinone moiety in a distinct non-coplanar orientation relative to the porphyrin ligands of the double-decker system. The length of the lateral chains may have a dramatic effect on the 1st and 2nd oxidation potentials, E₃ and E₂, of the porphyrin rings. For I [X = (CH₂)₁₀], E₃ and E₂ are higher by 0.26 and 0.24 V, resp., as compared with I [X = (CH₂)₉]. E₃ and E₂ for the latter are rather close to values for species with dipropylbenzene chains or without lateral bridges. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5Product Details of 57412-08-5).

4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5) belongs to catalyst ligands. Attachment of the ligand to the metal may be through a single atom, in which case it is called a monodentate ligand, or through two or more atoms, in which case it is called a didentate or polydentate ligand. Precious metals and metal oxides on carrier materials are used in many industrial processes as heterogenous catalysts.Product Details of 57412-08-5

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Triplet-Triplet Excitation Transfer in Palladium Porphyrin-Fullerene and Platinum Porphyrin-Fullerene Dyads was written by Obondi, Christopher O.;Lim, Gary N.;D’Souza, Francis. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry C in 2015.COA of Formula: C47H36N4O The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Covalently linked donor-acceptor dyads involving Pd(II) and Pt(II) porphyrins as triplet sensitizers and fullerene as an acceptor were newly synthesized. These dyads were characterized by optical absorbance, emission, and electrochem. methods. In contrast to the earlier reported Zn(II) porphyrin and free-base porphyrin-based dyads of similar structures, photoinduced electron transfer from the short-lived singlet and long-lived triplet excited metalloporphyrin to the fullerene was not observed, although these processes are energetically possible according to the energy level diagrams. That is, diagnostic transient bands corresponding to MP^?+ [M = Pd(II) or Pt(II)] in the 600-650-nm range and C₆₀^?- in the 1000-nm range were absent in the femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectra. Excited energy transfer from the triplet excited metalloporphyrin to the fullerene was witnessed in both Pd and Pt porphyrin-derived dyads by nanosecond transient absorption studies. Three solvents with different polarities were employed to visualize the medium effects. The determined rate of energy transfer, k_EnT, is higher for the PdP-based dyad than the PtP-based dyad in a given solvent and that the rates were higher for polar solvents than for nonpolar solvent. The present study demonstrates how the heavy-metal ion in the porphyrin cavity modulates photoinduced processes and the solvent-dependent kinetics of these events. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5COA of Formula: C47H36N4O).

4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5) belongs to catalyst ligands. Ligand design occupies a central place in organic synthesis and catalysis. Precious metals and metal oxides on carrier materials are used in many industrial processes as heterogenous catalysts.COA of Formula: C47H36N4O

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Cyclohexene epoxidation by the mono-oxygenase model (tetraphenylporphyrinato)manganese(III) acetate-sodium hypochlorite was written by Razenberg, J. A. S. J.;Van der Made, A. W.;Smeets, J. W. H.;Nolte, R. J. M.. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Catalysis in 1985.Synthetic Route of C47H36N4O The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Oxidation of cyclohexene by (tetraphenylporphyrinato)manganese(III) acetate (I) and sodium hypochlorite as oxidant was studied in a two-phase H₂O-CH₂Cl₂ system in the presence of a phase transfer reagent. A kinetic study with this system reveals the following features: the main product of the reaction (yield ¡Ý 80%) is 1,2-epoxycyclohexane; in the presence of excess oxidant the reaction is zero order in cyclohexene; the reaction order in Mn(III) concentration decreases from 1 to ? 0 with increasing concentration of this catalyst; the reaction order in hypochlorite decreases from 1 to 0 with increasing concentration of the reagent; pyridine and substituted pyridines enhance the reaction rate. A Hammett treatment of the rate data for various substituted pyridines gives a ¦Ñ-value of -1.00. Anchoring of I onto poly(vinylpyridine) or a polymer of an isocyanide increases the reaction rate by a factor of 1.5-6.0. Based on these findings and on evidence from the literature, a mechanism for the epoxidation of cyclohexene is proposed. The key intermediate is an oxo-manganese(V) complex, which is formed from Mn(III) and hypochlorite in a pyridine-catalyzed step. The Mn(V) species may react in 2 ways: either with substrate to give epoxide or with Mn(III) to form a ¦Ì-oxomanganese(IV) dimer. The latter route is suppressed when the catalyst is anchored to the polymeric support. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5Synthetic Route of C47H36N4O).

4-(10,15,20-Tri-p-tolylporphyrin-5-yl)phenol (cas: 57412-08-5) belongs to catalyst ligands. Ligand, in chemistry, any atom or molecule attached to a central atom, usually a metallic element, in a coordination or complex compound. Precious metals and metal oxides on carrier materials are used in many industrial processes as heterogenous catalysts.Synthetic Route of C47H36N4O

Referemce:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI