Category: 6217-54-5

Dan, Shigeki published the artcileCapability of Artemia to digest Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis oculata under stagnant culture conditions, Application In Synthesis of 6217-54-5, the publication is Aquaculture Research (2022), 53(12), 4316-4326, database is CAplus.

The microalgae genera Chlorella and Nannochloropsis are commonly used as foods for rotifer culture and its nutritional enrichment materials. However, Artemia nauplii and early metanauplii cannot easily digest these genera because of their thick cell walls, and the conditions under which Artemia can digest them remain unclear. We investigated the size at which Artemia is capable of digesting these microalgae and the effects of Chlorella supply on Artemia fatty acid composition Decreased microalgae cell densities in culture water were observed after Artemia reached 1.6 mm in total length for Chlorella and 1.1 mm for Nannochloropsis, but the rate of decrease was slow and excrement from Artemia was filled with intact microalgae cells, suggesting that Artemia can ingest microalgae but cannot digest them. The d. of residual microalgae decreased linearly after Artemia reached 3.2 mm for Chlorella and 2.0 mm for Nannochloropsis, and the excrement contained broken cells, indicating true digestive performance. The absorption of fatty acids of Chlorella by the Artemia was detected after Artemia reached 3.5 mm in total length. These results suggest that Artemia acquires the ability to consume microalgae in a stepwise manner depending on the growth and species of microalgae.

Aquaculture Research published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Application In Synthesis of 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Yang, Zhi published the artcileEffects of dietary vitamin E supplementation levels on growth performance, breast muscle meat quality characteristics, and fatty acid composition of geese, Recommanded Product: Docosahexaenoic Acid, the publication is Journal of Food Science (2022), 87(8), 3396-3406, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin E (VE) on the growth performance, breast muscle quality, fatty acid (FA) composition, and muscle fiber characteristics of geese. In the present study, a total of 240 healthy 29-day-old male Jiangnan white geese were randomly divided into six exptl. groups, with five replicates in each group and eight geese in each replicate. Group A, the control group, was fed a basal diet; Groups B, C, D, E, and F were fed diets supplemented with 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg VE. After feeding for 70 days of age, one gosling from each replicate was randomly selected and slaughtered to assess the breast muscle quality characteristics, lipid oxidation, FA composition, and muscle fiber characteristics. The results showed that dietary VE supplementation did not significantly affect the growth performance, breast muscle quality characteristics, or muscle fiber characteristics of geese (p > 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg VE significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the breast muscle compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 40 and 80 mg/kg VE significantly increased the retention of ¦Á-tocopherol in pectoral muscle, decreased polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) oxidation, and increased the proportion of n-3 PUFAs (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 5-80 mg/kg VE to the basal diet (VE content of the basal diet: 17.53 mg/kg) had no significant effect on the growth performance of geese. However, dietary supplementation with 40-80 mg VE increased the retention of ¦Á-tocopherol in breast muscle tissue, reduced the oxidation of PUFAs, and increased the content of n-3 PUFAs. Thus, under these exptl. conditions, dietary supplementation with 40-80 mg/kg VE is recommended, which is beneficial to human health. Appropriate supplementation of VE could increase meat quality and the beneficial components in breast muscle of geese. It provides a theor. basis for future production of high-quality goose meat.

Journal of Food Science published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C3H8N2S, Recommanded Product: Docosahexaenoic Acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Huang, Wen-Ching published the artcileEffects of exercise on high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and lipid metabolism in ApoE knockout mice, Recommanded Product: Docosahexaenoic Acid, the publication is Nutrition & Metabolism (2022), 19(1), 10, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Non-alc. fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is growing more common in the Western world, has become the main cause of chronic liver disease and is strongly associated with metabolism syndromes. NAFLD can indicate a wide spectrum of hepatic pathologies, ranging from simple hepatic steatosis and inflammatory non-alc. steatohepatitis to more severe stages of fibrosis and cirrhosis. Moreover, evidence has demonstrated that phys. inactivity and westernized dietary habits may facilitate the development of NAFLD. Lipid modulation and metabolism could be important factors in the development of steatosis. Lipid species, characterized using a lipidomic approach with untargeted anal., could provide potential biomarkers for the pathogenesis of NAFLD or therapeutic applications. Thus, in this study, the effects of exercise on the improvement of NAFLD were further investigated from a lipidomic perspective through the aspects of lipid regulation and metabolism Wild type (WT) C57BL/6 J and C57BL/6-ApoEem1Narl/Narl mice were assigned to one of four groups: WT mice fed a normal chow diet (CD), apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice fed a normal CD, ApoE knockout mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and ApoE knockout mice fed a HFD and provided with swimming exercise. The treatments (e.g., normal diet, HFD, and exercise) were provided for 12 consecutive weeks before the growth curves, biochem., fat composition, pathol. syndromes, and lipid profiles were determined Exercise significantly reduced the HFD-induced obesity (weight and fat composition), adipocyte hypertrophy, liver lipid accumulation, and pathol. steatosis. In addition, exercise ameliorated HFD-induced steatosis in the process of NAFLD. The lipidomic anal. revealed that the changes in plasma triglyceride (14:0/16:0/22:2), phosphatidic acid (18:0/17:2), and phosphatidylglycerol (16:0/20:2) induced by the administration of the HFD could be reversed significantly by exercise. The 12-wk regular exercise intervention significantly alleviated HFD-induced NAFLD through modulation of specific lipid species in plasma. This finding could elucidate the lipids effects behind the hepatic pathogenesis with exercise.

Nutrition & Metabolism published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Recommanded Product: Docosahexaenoic Acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Huang, Meng-meng published the artcileIdentification of six novel microalgal strains and characterization of its potential for development of high-value compounds, Synthetic Route of 6217-54-5, the publication is South African Journal of Botany (2022), 1-7, database is CAplus.

In this study, six microalgae strains were isolated from samples collected in alpine regions, identified by 18S rRNA and rbcL gene sequencing, and assessed for their ability to produce biodiesel and high-value compounds The six strains were isolated from three alpine regions (Daqing, Zhaodong and Zhalong Salt Lake). Phylogenetic neighbor-joining anal. indicated that the strains designated as HDA01, HDA04, and HDA07 belong to the genus Chlorella sp., HDA03 to the genus Scenedesmus sp., HDA05 to the genus Micractinium sp., and HDA06 to the genus Desmodesmus sp. Biomass productivity, lipid yield, fatty acid profiles and other indexes were evaluated to assess whether these strains have potential applications. Chlorella sp. HDA04 has potential as a biodiesel producer, based on its high biomass productivity (3.95¡À0.05 gL-1), high lipid productivity (472.99¡À18.97 mg L-1d-1), and its fatty acid profiles which meets European standards for biodiesel. HDA07 accumulates a high ¦Á-linolenic acid (ALA) content (26.12% of total lipids), which makes this strain potentially suitable for production of this high-value product.

South African Journal of Botany published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Synthetic Route of 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Qu, Le-tian published the artcileEffects of salinity treatment on muscle quality and off-flavour compounds of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus), Name: Docosahexaenoic Acid, the publication is Aquaculture Research (2022), 53(13), 4823-4831, database is CAplus.

To investigate the effects of short-term salinity treatment on muscle quality and earthy and musty off-flavor compounds of freshwater fish, adult grass carp (1.25 ¡À 0.25 kg) and black carp (1.50 ¡À 0.30 kg) were reared at water salinities of 0%, 5% and 7.5%for 48 h. Muscle nutrients, amino acid, and fatty acid contents, texture properties, and earthy and musty off-flavor compounds were then determined The content of total amino acid (TAA), Lys, Arg and essential amino acid index (EAAI) in the muscle of C7.5 group were elevated significantly compared with that in the control group (p < 0.05). The content of delicious amino acids (DAA) and EAAI in the muscle of M7.5 group was significantly higher than M0 and M5 groups (p < 0.05). The fatty acid content of the muscle was affected by salinity. In grass carp, the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content level was decreased significantly in the C5 and C7.5 groups (p < 0.05), while the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content levels were increased significantly in the C5 and C7.5 groups (p < 0.05). The ratio of n3/n6 PUFA increased significantly in the C7.5 group (p < 0.05). The PUFA content and the n3/n6 PUFA ratio were increased significantly in the M7.5 group (p < 0.05). With increasing salinity, the relative content levels of volatile compounds causing earthy and musty off-flavor in muscle were decreased significantly in 5% and 7.5% salinity groups both grass carp and black carp (p < 0.05). The textural properties of muscle, such as hardness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness, were improved in the C7.5 and M5 groups. These results suggest that a short-term salinity treatment in freshwater fish prior to selling can effectively improve muscle quality and decrease the content of earthy and musty off-flavor compounds, with ideal salinities of 5% or 7.5% for grass carp and 7.5% for black carp.

Aquaculture Research published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Name: Docosahexaenoic Acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Shen, Shi-Ke published the artcileMonitoring the lipid oxidation and flavor of Russian sturgeon fillets treated with low temperature vacuum heating: formation and relationship, Formula: C22H32O2, the publication is Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture (2022), 102(11), 4609-4619, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Sturgeon is one of the most precious fish resources worldwide. Low temperature vacuum heating (LTVH) has been confirmed as a good way of maintaining food quality. However, there is a lack of in-depth studies assessing the impact of LTVH on lipid oxidation and flavor formation. The present study compared the effect of LTVH and traditional cooking on lipid oxidation and flavor of sturgeon fillets. In total, 13 fatty acids were detected, of which polyunsaturated fatty acids content was the highest (P < 0.05). LTVH prevented the formation of conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (P < 0.05), as manifested by an increased signal intensity of free radicals of ESR. The characteristic peaks intensity of lipid by Raman at 970 cm-1, 1080 cm-1 and 1655 cm-1 were reduced, whereas peaks at 1068 cm-1 and 1125 cm-1 displayed the opposite trend. Confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that the lipids particles were reduced and distributed more evenly with an increase in heating temperature Principal component anal. of electronic nose cannot effectively sep. all groups; however, gas chromatog.-ion migration spectrometry showed that the volatile flavor compounds were relatively stable during LTVH. Correlation anal. of all the above lipid oxidation indexes and characteristic flavor substances showed that each treatment group was located in different quadrants and demonstrated great differentiation. Overall, the results of the present study support the view that LTVH is a healthier way of cooking.

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C3H6F3N, Formula: C22H32O2.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Yu, Jiahui published the artcileEvaluation of total, sn-2 fatty acid, and triacylglycerol composition in commercial infant formulas on the Chinese market: A comparative study of preterm and term formulas, Category: catalysis-chemistry, the publication is Food Chemistry (2022), 132477, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Preterm infants with physiol. immaturity require higher lipid provision than term infants. This study compared the lipid composition, including total, sn-2 fatty acid, and triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions in 14 preterm formulas and 25 term formulas in the Chinese market, in 2020-2021. Preterm formula had higher medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) and comparable C22:6n-3 (DHA) contents than term formula. Notably, significantly lower C16:0 and C18:0 (p < 0.001) were distributed on the sn-2 position in preterm formula. Two hundred and thirteen kinds of TAG mol. species were identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. In preterm formula, significantly higher Ca-Ca-Cy and Ca-Ca-Ca (p < 0.001) existed. These clear distinctions showed the challenge of the progress in preterm formula, such as DHA status, MCFA pattern, and TAG esterified with palmitic acid on the sn-2 position.

Food Chemistry published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C9H8BNO2, Category: catalysis-chemistry.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Xie, Shiwei published the artcileDietary fish oil levels modulated lipid metabolism, immune response, intestinal health and salinity stress resistance of juvenile Penaeus monodon fed a low fish-meal diet, Synthetic Route of 6217-54-5, the publication is Animal Feed Science and Technology (2022), 115321, database is CAplus.

Dietary fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) replacement are crucial for the sustainable development of aquaculture. An eight weeks feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential replacing FM with soy protein concentrate, and the suitable FO level for a low FM diet of Penaeus monodon. The experiment was conducted in quadruplicates (30 shrimp per replicate, average weight 1.00 ¡À 0.01 g). The results indicated that besides the final body weight, there were no differences in weight gain, feed efficiency and survival rate observed among the four groups. The results of the acute salinity stress showed that shrimp fed the C and MF diets showed a similar survival rate, which was significantly higher than those fed a LF diet. Shrimp that were fed a LF diet showed the lowest expression levels of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, Toll and tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in the hepatopancreas, as well as the highest expression levels of Toll, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Relish and TRAF6 in the intestine among four groups. Intestinal microstructure damage was observed in shrimp that were fed a LF diet, and intestinal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) swelling was observed in shrimp fed MF and LF diets. In conclusion, these results indicated that the growth performance of shrimp was not affected when the FM and FO contents decreased, whereas a low content of FM neg. influenced the immune response in shrimp by modulating IMD and ER stress related gene expression.

Animal Feed Science and Technology published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C5H5F3O2, Synthetic Route of 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Wu, Shuting published the artcileDocosahexaenoic acid supplementation represses the early immune response against murine cytomegalovirus but enhances NK cell effector function, Computed Properties of 6217-54-5, the publication is BMC Immunology (2022), 23(1), 17, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation is beneficial for several chronic diseases; however, its effect on immune regulation is still debated. Given the prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and because natural killer (NK) cells are a component of innate immunity critical for controlling CMV infection, the current study explored the effect of a DHA-enriched diet on susceptibility to murine (M) CMV infection and the NK cell effector response to MCMV infection. Male C57BL/6 mice fed a control or DHA-enriched diet for 3 wk were infected with MCMV and sacrificed at the indicated time points postinfection. Compared with control mice, DHA-fed mice had higher liver and spleen viral loads at day 7 postinfection, but final MCMV clearance was not affected. The total numbers of NK cells and their terminal mature cell subset (KLRG1⁺ and Ly49H⁺ NK cells) were reduced compared with those in control mice at day 7 postinfection but not day 21. DHA feeding resulted in higher IFN-¦Ã and granzyme B expression in splenic NK cells at day 7 postinfection. A mechanistic anal. showed that the splenic NK cells of DHA-fed mice had enhanced glucose uptake, increased CD71 and CD98 expression, and higher mitochondrial mass than control mice. In addition, DHA-fed mice showed reductions in the total numbers and activation levels of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. These results suggest that DHA supplementation represses the early response to CMV infection but preserves NK cell effector functions by improving mitochondrial activity, which may play critical roles in subsequent MCMV clearance.

BMC Immunology published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C8H5F3O2S, Computed Properties of 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Qiang, Ting published the artcileModulation of hyperglycemia by sodium alginate is associated with changes of serum metabolite and gut microbiota in mice, Category: catalysis-chemistry, the publication is Carbohydrate Polymers (2022), 119359, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Previous studies showed that sodium alginates of different mol. weights reduced postprandial glucose differently. We hypothesize that the differential modulation of hyperglycemia by sodium alginates with different mol. weights may be associated with their differential regulations of serum metabolites and gut microbiota. In this work, high-fat diet-fed mice were supplemented with high- and low-mol.-weight sodium alginate (H-SA, 3350 kDa; L-SA, 131 kDa). Blood glucose/lipid parameters, serum metabolites and gut microbiota were measured. Compared with L-SA, H-SA more significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol and body fat; H-SA more significantly enriched serum metabolites, including certain lipids, branched-chain amino acids, and vitamin D and E derivatives These changes were correlated with the differential modulation of gut microbiota by H-SA and L-SA. In conclusion, the differential effects of sodium alginates with different mol. weights in alleviating hyperglycemia were associated with their differential modulations of serum metabolites and gut microbiota.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Category: catalysis-chemistry.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia