Category: 6217-54-5

Ferreira Azevedo, L. published the artcileThe alternative analog plasticizer BPS displays similar phenotypic and metabolomic responses to BPA in HepG2 and INS-1E cells, Computed Properties of 6217-54-5, the publication is Food and Chemical Toxicology (2022), 167(Suppl._1), 113266, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Bisphenols A (BPA) and S (BPS) are endocrine-disrupting chems. that affect energy metabolism, leading to impairment of glucose and lipid homeostasis. We aimed at identifying metabolic pathways regulated by both compounds in human liver cells and rat pancreatic ¦Â-cells that could impair energy homeostasis regulation. We assessed the effects on growth, proliferation, and viability of hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and insulinoma (INS-1E) cells exposed to either BPA or BPS in a full range concentration between 0.001 and 100¦ÌM. Both the dose and duration of exposure caused a differential response on growth and viability of both cells. Effects were more pronounced on HepG2, as these cells exhibited non-linear dose-responses following exposure to xenobiotics. For INS-1E, effect was observed only at the highest concentration In addition, we profiled their intracellular state by untargeted metabolomics at 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure. This anal. revealed time- and dose-dependently mol. changes for HepG2 and INS-1E that were similar between BPA and BPS. Both increased levels of inflammatory mediators, such as metabolites pertaining to linolenic and linoleic acid metabolic pathway. In summary, this study shows that BPS also disrupts mol. functions in cells that regulate energy homeostasis, displaying similar but less pronounced responses than BPA.

Food and Chemical Toxicology published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Computed Properties of 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Menci, Ruggero published the artcileSupplementing goats’ diet with sainfoin pellets (versus alfalfa) modifies cheese sensory properties and fatty acid profile, Recommanded Product: Docosahexaenoic Acid, the publication is International Dairy Journal (2022), 105398, database is CAplus.

In two different goat farms, producing Picodon and Mutschli cheese resp., two groups of lactating goats were fed alfalfa pellets (ALF) or sainfoin pellets (SNF) for 6 wk. The cheeses produced at the end of the trial were analyzed for sensory properties, composition, fatty acid profile, proteolysis, and rheol. The SNF Picodon had higher ”goat” and ”farm” aroma and odor, and higher bitter taste, compared with the ALF Picodon. The SNF Picodon showed lower dry matter than the ALF Picodon, leading to differences in texture and mouthfeel. The SNF Mutschli had a different mouthfeel than the ALF Mutschli. In a triangle test, consumers were able to perceive a difference in both Picodon and Mutschli between ALF and SNF groups. In both Picodon and Mutschli, feeding sainfoin increased cheese proteolysis and modified cheese fatty acid profile, resulting in higher polyunsaturated fatty acids proportion and lower n-6/n-3 ratio.

International Dairy Journal published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Recommanded Product: Docosahexaenoic Acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Gholamalian, Reihaneh published the artcileHepatic fatty acids profile, oxidative stability and egg quality traits ameliorated by supplementation of alternative lipid sources and milk thistle meal, SDS of cas: 6217-54-5, the publication is Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition (2022), 106(4), 860-871, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

This study assessed the effects of different levels of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) meal (MTM) on egg quality traits, oxidative stability, blood biochem. parameters and liver health indexes in laying hens receiving diets supplemented with lipid from different sources. For this purpose, Leghorn laying hens (Hy-Line W-36) were randomly assigned to 12 exptl. treatments with eight replicates of five birds each. Dietary treatments consisted of four dietary fat sources (fish oil, sunflower oil, poultry oil and fat powder, each with different fatty acid profiles) and three levels of MTM (0.0, 15 and 30 g/kg) offered through 10 days of adaptation and 70 days of main recording. Results showed that dietary inclusion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including fish or sunflower oils, reduced serum cholesterol content but increased blood malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (p < 0.05). While fish oil improved the yolk color index and Haugh unit (p < 0.05), it decreased yolk cholesterol concentration (p < 0.01). The highest hepatic glycogen content and tissue integrity as well as the lowest liver lipid percentage and MDA content were observed in birds fed diets supplemented with poultry oil. On the other hand, feeding 30 g/kg of MTM reduced not only hepatic lipid percentage but also aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities (p < 0.01), while it improved eggshell strength and thickness (p < 0.05). Supplementation of fat powder enhanced hepatic C16:0 content, while addition of poultry, sunflower or fish oil increased C18:1, C18:2 or C20:5 concentrations resp. (p < 0.01); nonetheless, feeding the highest level of MTM reduced hepatic ¦²SFA but increased ¦²n-3 fatty acids (p < 0.01). The interaction effects indicated that fish or sunflower oil supplementation increased the MTM level required to reduce not only serum or egg cholesterol concentrations (p < 0.05) but also blood or hepatic MDA content (p < 0.01). It was concluded that fish oil and MTM (30 g/kg) supplements might improve internal egg quality traits and eggshell quality resp. The hepatic fatty acid profile was also found strongly correlated with dietary fatty acids. Finally, the best hepatic health indexes and the highest oxidative stability were achieved when the birds were fed diets supplemented with poultry oil and 30 g/kg of MTM.

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, SDS of cas: 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Wang, Chenxuan published the artcileInhibition of ¦¤-6 desaturase reduces fatty acid re-esterification in 3T3-L1 adipocytes independent of changes in n3-PUFA cellular content, Product Details of C22H32O2, the publication is Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids (2022), 1867(7), 159160, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

¦¤-6 Desaturase (D6D) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). Evidence suggests that reduced D6D activity not only disrupts LC-PUFA production, but also impacts whole body lipid handling and body weight; however, the mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the effect of D6D inhibition on the regulation of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with and without changes in n-3 PUFA content. 3T3-L1 cells were treated with a D6D inhibitor (SC-26196) in the presence or absence of ¦Á-linolenic acid (ALA) throughout differentiation. We found that D6D inhibition blocked the conversion of ALA to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3) when ALA was supplemented, while no changes in n-3 PUFA content were observed in cells treated with the D6D inhibitor alone. D6D inhibited cells had reduced triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation despite an EPA/DPA deficiency. In addition, analyses of cellular protein markers, as well as non-esterified fatty acids and glycerol release in medium, suggested an increase in lipolysis and a decrease in fatty acid re-esterification in D6D-inhibited cells, independent of n-3 PUFA changes. To provide further evidence, we treated cells with the D6D inhibitor in the presence or absence of EPA and compared them with ALA-treated cells. Although EPA further reduced TAG content, the reduced markers of fatty acid re-esterification were not affected by ALA or EPA. Collectively, this study provides new insight showing that D6D inhibition reduces TAG accumulation and fatty acid re-esterification in adipocytes independent of changes in n-3 PUFA cellular content.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C15H12O8, Product Details of C22H32O2.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Wang, Shihui published the artcileComparison of edible yield and quality of female Chinese mitten crab between two-year-old and three-year-old, Related Products of catalysis-chemistry, the publication is Journal of Food Composition and Analysis (2022), 104687, database is CAplus.

To expand the new germplasm of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and explain its quality characteristics, this study used two-year-old mature female E. sinensis (TWC) as the control to explore the differences in edible yield, color, proximate composition, fatty acids, free amino acids and mineral elements of three-year-old mature female E. sinensis (THC). TWC had a significantly higher hepatosomatic index (HSI) but a lower gonadosomatic index (GSI) than THC (P < 0.05). The eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content in the hepatopancreas, ovary and muscle tissues of TWC were higher than those of THC. However, the content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), total essential fatty acids (¦²EFA), total highly unsaturated fatty acids (¦²HUFA), ¦²n-6 PUFA and DHA/EPA were lower than those of THC. Total essential free amino acids (¦²EFAA), total free amino acids (¦²FAA) and percentage of ¡ÆEFAA to ¡ÆFAA (PETFAA) in the hepatopancreas, ¦²EFAA and PETFAA in the ovary and ¦²FAA in the muscle of TWC were higher than those of THC (P > 0.05). The values of total umami values (¦²TUV) and total sweetness values (¦²TSV) in the hepatopancreas, ovary and muscle tissue and total bitterness values (¦²TBV) in the hepatopancreas and muscle of TWC were higher than those of THC. Except for the higher Zn in TWC, the contents of the other elements measured were lower than those in THC. Overall, the edible yield and quality of THC was greater than that of the TWC, and THC was a new high-quality germplasm of E. sinensis.

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C6H6N2O, Related Products of catalysis-chemistry.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Chen, Xue published the artcileEffects of cooking on the nutritional quality and volatile compounds in omega-3 fatty acids enriched eggs, Synthetic Route of 6217-54-5, the publication is Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture (2022), 102(9), 3703-3711, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The extensive consumption of eggs and their utilization as an ingredient in food products globally offer excellent potential for increasing dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake. Thus far, research involving dietary focused on changes in their phys. properties after boiling, protein denaturation, storage stability, and other characteristics. However, minimal reports are available regarding the evaluation of nutritional changes. Therefore, this study comprehensively investigated the impact of cooking on the nutritional quality and volatile compound profile of ordinary and omega-3 eggs. Compared with ordinary eggs, those enriched with omega-3 fatty acids contained higher proportions of total omega-3 PUFAs and ¦Á-tocopherol. However, no significant difference was evident between the amino acid compositions of the two types of eggs. Omega-3 eggs boiled for 20 min at 75¡ãC showed higher levels of omega-3 PUFAs, total tocopherol, and essential amino acids while increasing the heating time and temperature reduced these nutrients. Heat treatment significantly decreased the ketones and alc. content while increasing the hydrocarbons level. The overall variations in the metabolic response due to cooking temperature were evidenced by the multiple metabolic associations and clustering on the principal component anal. (PCA) plane and heat map. The findings provided useful information for ensuring quality retention in eggs, especially those enriched with omega-3. 2021 Society of Chem. Industry.

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Synthetic Route of 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Wei, Wei published the artcilePhospholipid composition and fat globule structure II: Comparison of mammalian milk from five different species, Quality Control of 6217-54-5, the publication is Food Chemistry (2022), 132939, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

We compared phospholipids (PLs) content, their mol. species, and milk fat globules size and microstructure in the milk of five mammalian species, including human, cow, goat, yak, and donkey. The absolute quantification of major PLs was determined using 31P NMR and their fatty acid composition with GC. The mol. species of PLs were analyzed using LC-MS where a total of 9 PL species, including one sphingomyelin (SM), six glycerophospholipid (GPL), and two lysoglycerophospholipids (lyso-GPLs), were identified. PLs profile shows an obvious difference among the species, with human milk showing higher SM content and more unsaturated fatty acyls than other mammalian milk. The mammalian milk show a similar core-membrane lipid structure but obvious different size distribution. These data provide a basis for better construction of infant formulas to provide PLs requirements and a similar milk fat globule structure for infants.

Food Chemistry published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C10H11NO4, Quality Control of 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Medrano, Mayte published the artcileCD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cell responses in bone marrow to fatty acids in high-fat diets, Formula: C22H32O2, the publication is Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry (2022), 109057, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Obesity is associated with disruptions in the adaptive immune system; however, dietary fatty acids in high-fat diets (HFDs) that induce obesity have consequences that are currently unclear regarding T-cell maintenance in bone marrow (BM). C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to isocaloric HFDs formulated with dietary fats rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), or MUFAs supplemented with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids for 20 wk, followed by an anal. of the immunophenotypic feature of lymphocytes (CD3⁺) T and their subsets CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in spleen and BM, identification of fatty acids in BM extracellular fluid and anal. of the correspondence between fatty acids with the frequency of T-cell subsets in BM. Splenic CD3⁺ T cells were reduced irresp. of HFDs. In BM, CD3⁺ T cells were reduced after HFD-SFAs, while CD4⁺ T cells were increased after HFDs enriched in MUFAs and CD8⁺ T cells were reduced irresp. of HFDs. In BM extracellular fluid, the content of palmitic and myristic acids increased after HFD-SFAs and that of oleic acid increased after HFDs enriched in MUFAs. There was a statistical correspondence between HFD-induced changes in fatty acids in BM extracellular fluid and HFD-induced changes in the frequency of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells in BM. These findings reveal an undervalued critical role for dietary fatty acids in the selective acquisition of T-cell subsets in BM, highlighting that oleic acid existing in the surroundings of T-cell niches during HFD-induced obesity could be instrumental in the maintenance of CD4⁺ T cells.

Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Formula: C22H32O2.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Ting, Seng Yeat published the artcileLong-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in a land-crab with advanced terrestrial adaptations: Molecular cloning and functional characterization of two fatty acyl elongases, Name: Docosahexaenoic Acid, the publication is Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (2022), 110773, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Depending on the presence and activities of the front-end fatty acyl desaturases and elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl) enzymes, animals have different capacities for long-chain (¡ÝC₂₀) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis. Successful land colonisation in brachyuran crabs requires a shift towards terrestrial food chain with limited LC-PUFA availability. We cloned and functionally characterised two elovl genes from the purple land crab Gecarcoidea lalandii. The two Elovl contained all the necessary motifs of a typical polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) Elovl and phylogenetically clustered in the Elovl1 and Elovl6 clades, resp. The G. lalandii Elovl1 elongated saturated fatty acids, with low activities towards C20 and C22 PUFA substrates. Moreover, the G. lalandii Elovl6 was particularly active in the elongation of C18 PUFA, although it also recognized monounsaturated fatty acids as substrates for elongation. Collectively, the herein characterised G. lalandii elovl paralogues fulfil all the elongation steps involved in the LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathways. Tissue distribution of the G. lalandii elovl genes, along with the FA composition analyses, suggest the hepatopancreas and gill as key metabolic sites for fatty acid elongation. However, current data suggest that G. lalandii is unable to rely solely on biosynthesis to fulfil LC-PUFA requirements, since front-end desaturase appears to be absent in this species and other decapods.

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C2H8Cl2N4S2, Name: Docosahexaenoic Acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Lastovickova, Lenka published the artcileDried blood spot as an alternative sample for screening of fatty acid, amino acid, and keto acid metabolism in humans, HPLC of Formula: 6217-54-5, the publication is Biomedical Chromatography (2022), 36(9), e5431, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Dried blood spot (DBS) is a simple and noninvasive sample collection technique allowing self-collection at home. It can be used as an alternative sample for the screening of metabolism in humans because changes in the levels of some fatty acids (FAs), amino acids (AAs), and keto acids (KAs) can be associated with metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes mellitus). In this study, we optimized three different methods that are sensitive enough for the determination of the aforementioned analytes from a small volume of biol. material in DBS. A total of 20 AAs, 5 KAs, and 24 FAs were determined This sampling technique was applied to prepare samples from 60 individuals by a finger prick. The samples were analyzed using chromatog. methods, and acquired data were statistically evaluated. Even though most analytes were higher in men, only five AAs, three KAs, and eight FAs showed significant gender dependency (¦Á = 0.05). Asparagine, serine, and ¦Á- and ¦Ã-linolenic acids showed significant age dependency (¦Á = 0.05). Most statistically significant correlations were pos. and were found within one category. This work shows that because of many benefits, the DBS sample could be a good alternative to whole blood sample collection for the screening of metabolism in humans, in general, or in individualized medicine. The chromatog. methods can be used in future research, for example, to set the reference range or plasma-correction factors (various aspects such as age or gender should be considered).

Biomedical Chromatography published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, HPLC of Formula: 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia