Category: 6217-54-5

Gunathilaka, Buddhi E. published the artcileMarine protein hydrolysates as a substitute of squid-liver powder in diets for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), Formula: C22H32O2, the publication is Aquaculture Research (2022), 53(11), 4059-4068, database is CAplus.

This study was conducted to examine the supplementary effects of tuna hydrolyzate (TH) and shrimp hydrolyzate (SH) as squid-liver powder (SLP) replacers in a high soybean meal diet for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). A diet containing 4.49% SLP was regarded as the control diet and two other diets were prepared by supplementing 1.14% tuna hydrolyzate (TH) and 0.94% shrimp hydrolyzate (SH) (designated as SLP, TH and SH, resp.). Five replicate groups of shrimp (initial mean body weight, 0.35 ¡À 0.002 g) were fed one of the exptl. diets for 52 days. Final body weight and weight gain of shrimp fed SH and TH diets were significantly higher than those of shrimp fed SLP diet (p < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio was lower in SH group compared to that of shrimp fed other diets. Total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity were significantly higher in TH or SH group than SLP group (p < 0.05). Hemolymph glucose and triglyceride levels of shrimp fed SLP were significantly lower than those of shrimp fed TH and SH (p < 0.05). Shrimp-fed TH or SH exhibited significantly higher carcass lipid composition than shrimp-fed SLP (p < 0.05). Dry matter and protein digestibility were significantly higher in SH diet (p < 0.05). The findings in this study indicate that SH and TH can be used as beneficial feed supplements or ingredients that could replace SLP in L. vannamei diet. Optimum inclusion level of SH would be approx. 1% to completely replace SLP in L. vannamei diet containing high level of soybean meal.

Aquaculture Research published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Formula: C22H32O2.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Shibata, Takeaki published the artcileAbnormal male reproduction and embryonic development induced by downregulation of a phospholipid fatty acid-introducing enzyme Lpgat1 in zebrafish, Safety of Docosahexaenoic Acid, the publication is Scientific Reports (2022), 12(1), 7312, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Phospholipids in the membrane consist of diverse pairs of fatty acids bound to a glycerol backbone. The biol. significance of the diversity, however, remains mostly unclear. Part of this diversity is due to lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), which introduce a fatty acid into lysophospholipids. The human genome has 14 LPLATs and most of them are highly conserved in vertebrates. Here, we analyzed the function of one of these enzymes, lysophosphatidylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (Lpgat1), in zebrafish. We found that the reproduction of heterozygous (lpgat1+/-) male mutants was abnormal. Crosses between heterozygous males and wild-type females produced many eggs with no obvious cleavage, whereas eggs produced by crosses between heterozygous females and wild-type males cleaved normally. Consistent with this, spermatozoa from heterozygous males had reduced motility and abnormal morphol. We also found that the occurrence of lpgat1 homozygous (lpgat1-/-) mutants was far lower than expected. In addition, downregulation of lpgat1 by morpholino antisense oligonucleotides resulted in severe developmental defects. Lipidomic anal. revealed that selective phospholipid species with stearic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were reduced in homozygous larvae and spermatozoa from heterozygotes. These results suggest that the specific phospholipid mol. species produced by Lpgat1 have an essential role in sperm fertilization and in embryonic development.

Scientific Reports published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C25H34N4O2S, Safety of Docosahexaenoic Acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Flegler, Alexander published the artcileExogenous fatty acids affect membrane properties and cold adaptation of Listeria monocytogenes, Product Details of C22H32O2, the publication is Scientific Reports (2022), 12(1), 1499, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen that can grow at very low temperatures close to the f.p. of food and other matrixes. Maintaining cytoplasmic membrane fluidity by changing its lipid composition is indispensable for growth at low temperatures Its dominant adaptation is to shorten the fatty acid chain length and, in some strains, increase in addition the menaquinone content. To date, incorporation of exogenous fatty acid was not reported for Listeria monocytogenes. In this study, the membrane fluidity grown under low-temperature conditions was affected by exogenous fatty acids incorporated into the membrane phospholipids of the bacterium. Listeria monocytogenes incorporated exogenous fatty acids due to their availability irresp. of their m.ps. Incorporation was demonstrated by supplementation of the growth medium with polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80, and food lipid extracts, resulting in a corresponding modification of the membrane fatty acid profile. Incorporated exogenous fatty acids had a clear impact on the fitness of the Listeria monocytogenes strains, which was demonstrated by analyses of the membrane fluidity, resistance to freeze-thaw stress, and growth rates. The fatty acid content of the growth medium or the food matrix affects the membrane fluidity and thus proliferation and persistence of Listeria monocytogenes in food under low-temperature conditions.

Scientific Reports published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Product Details of C22H32O2.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Ciurescu, Georgeta published the artcileMeat quality in broiler chickens fed on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) seeds, Safety of Docosahexaenoic Acid, the publication is Scientific Reports (2022), 12(1), 9685, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of a diet containing untreated cowpea (CWP; Aura 26 variety) seeds as a protein source on quality parameters of chickens breast (PM; Pectoralis major) and thigh muscles (BF; Biceps femoris). A total of 240 Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly allotted to two groups: a control group fed with soybean meal (SBM) and an exptl. group fed with CWP included at 200 g/kg as a replacement of SBM. Each group consisted of six pens as replicates, with 20 chicks per pen. At 6 wk of age, twelve birds/group were slaughtered. Compared to SBM group, the group fed CWP had higher (P < 0.0001) lightness (L*) and redness (a*) values of PM and BF muscles, the latter had also higher yellowness (b*, P < 0.0001). The collagen and protein contents were significantly higher in CWP group in both PM and BF muscles, while fat was lower (P < 0.001) only in BF muscle. The use of CWP into broilers diets did not neg. impact the textural properties, i.e., hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience of PM and BF, showing similar values in both groups. Also, PM and BF muscles of birds fed CWP had significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels of C:18:3n-3 and C:20:5n-3 compared with birds fed SBM. The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was significantly lower in CWP group (11.72 and 7.00) compared to SBM (13.47 and 12.63) for both PM and BF muscles. These results indicate that CWP can be considered a promising protein source for broiler chickens feed.

Scientific Reports published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Safety of Docosahexaenoic Acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Xie, Dadi published the artcileComprehensive evaluation of caloric restriction-induced changes in the metabolome profile of mice, Synthetic Route of 6217-54-5, the publication is Nutrition & Metabolism (2022), 19(1), 41, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Caloric restriction (CR) is known to extend lifespan and exert a protective effect on organs, and is thus a low-cost and easily implemented approach to the health maintenance. However, there have been no studies that have systematically evaluated the metabolic changes that occur in the main tissues affected by CR. This study aimed to explore the target tissues metabolomic profile in CR mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to the CR group (n = 7) and control group (n = 7). A non-targeted gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry approach and multivariate anal. were used to identify metabolites in the main tissues (serum, heart, liver, kidney, cortex, hippocampus, lung, muscle, and white adipose) in model of CR. We identified 10 metabolites in the heart that showed differential abundance between the 2 groups, along with 9 in kidney, 6 in liver, 6 in lung, 6 in white adipose, 4 in hippocampus, 4 in serum, 3 in cortex, and 2 in muscle. The most significantly altered metabolites were amino acids (AAs) (glycine, aspartic acid, L-isoleucine, L-proline, L-aspartic acid, L-serine, L-hydroxyproline, L-alanine, L-valine, L-threonine, L-glutamic acid, and L-phenylalanine) and fatty acids (FAs) (palmitic acid, 1-monopalmitin, glycerol monostearate, docosahexaenoic acid, 16-octadecenoic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, and hexanoic acid). These metabolites were associated with 7 different functional pathways related to the metabolism of AAs, lipids, and energy. Our results provide insight into the specific metabolic changes that are induced by CR and can serve as a reference for physiol. studies on how CR improves health and extends lifespan.

Nutrition & Metabolism published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C7H5BClNO2, Synthetic Route of 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Wang, Shanyu published the artcileChanges in lipid profiles and volatile compounds of shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) submitted to different cooking methods, Synthetic Route of 6217-54-5, the publication is International Journal of Food Science and Technology (2022), 57(7), 4234-4244, database is CAplus.

Herein, the effect of three common cooking methods (boiling, baking and microwaving) on lipids and volatile compounds in shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) was assessed. The results revealed that contents of phospholipid, triglyceride, cholesterol and free fatty acids in the cooked shrimp significantly declined when compared to the raw shrimp. And these decreases occurred especially in the boiling and microwaving treatment. Among free fatty acids, the contents of palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c) and linoleic acid (C18:2n6c) also decreased greatly in the boiled and microwaved shrimp, while EPA and DHA enhanced in each cooked group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, microwaved samples exhibited higher levels of oxidation parameters, such as acid value (AV) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). For volatile compounds, a total of 31 volatile compounds were detected by GC-IMS, and these contents increased after cooking. Aliphatic volatile compounds, including 1-octen-3-one, pentane-1-ol, 1-propanol, octanal, heptanal, pentanal and hexanal, were main flavor contributors in cooked shrimp, with higher contents observed in microwaved shrimp. In addition, the correlation anal. showed that linoleic acid was a substrate for 15 volatile compounds of cooked shrimp meat. These results indicate that microwave cooking exerts more influences on lipid profiles in shrimp and consequently caused more volatile compounds

International Journal of Food Science and Technology published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C6H8O6, Synthetic Route of 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Wen, Yixian published the artcileExposure to two-dimensional ultrathin Ti3C2 (MXene) nanosheets during early pregnancy impairs neurodevelopment of offspring in mice, Quality Control of 6217-54-5, the publication is Journal of Nanobiotechnology (2022), 20(1), 108, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Two-dimensional ultrathin Ti3C2 (MXene) nanosheets have been extensively explored for various biomedical applications. However, safety issues and the effects of Ti3C2 on human health remain poorly understood. To explore the influence on fetal or offspring after exposure to Ti3C2 nanosheets, we established a mouse model exposed to different doses of Ti3C2 nanosheets during early pregnancy in this study. We found that Ti3C2 nanosheets had negligible effect on the reproductive ability of maternal mice, including average pregnancy days, number of new-borns, and neonatal weight, etc. Unexpectedly, abnormal neurobehavior and pathol. changes in the cerebral hippocampus and cortex in adult offspring were observed following Ti3C2 nanosheet treatment. In further studies, it was found that Ti3C2 exposure led to developmental and functional defects in the placenta, including reduced area of labyrinth, disordered secretion of placental hormones, and metabolic function derailment. The long-chain unsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher in the placenta after Ti3C2 exposure, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and linoleic acid. The metabolic pathway anal. showed that biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids was upregulated while linoleic acid metabolism was downregulated. These developmental and functional defects, particularly metabolic function derailment in placenta may be the cause for the neuropathol. in the offspring. This is the first report about the effects of Ti3C2 nanosheet exposure on pregnancy and offspring. The data provides a better understanding of Ti3C2 nanosheets safety. It is suggested that future studies should pay more attention to the long-term effects of nanomaterials exposure, including the health of offspring in adulthood, rather than only focus on short-term effects, such as pregnancy outcomes. Metabolomics could provide clues for finding the prevention targets of the biol. neg. effect of Ti3C2 nanosheets.

Journal of Nanobiotechnology published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C21H37BO, Quality Control of 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Prado-Cabrero, Alfonso published the artcileIntensive production of the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus in a zero-effluent ‘water’ bioreactor, Application In Synthesis of 6217-54-5, the publication is Scientific Reports (2022), 12(1), 466, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Aquaculture is looking for substitutes for fishmeal and fish oil to maintain its continued growth. Zooplankton is the most nutritious option, but its controlled mass production has not yet been achieved. In this context, we have developed a monoalgal green water closed-loop bioreactor with the microalgae Tetraselmis chui that continuously produced the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus. During 145 days of operation, the 2.2 m3 bioreactor produced 3.9 kg (wet weight) of Tigriopus with (dry weight) 0.79 ¡À 0.29% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 0.82 ¡À 0.26% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 1.89 ¡À 0,60% 3S,3S-astaxanthin and an essential amino acid index (EAAI) of 97% for juvenile Atlantic salmon. The reactor kept the pH stable over the operation time (pH 8.81 ¡À 0.40 in the algae phase and pH 8.22 ¡À 2.96 in the zooplankton phase), while constantly removed nitrate (322.6 mg L-1) and phosphate (20.4 mg L-1) from the water. As a result of the stable pH and nutrient removal, the bioreactor achieved zero effluent discharges. The upscaling of monoalgal, closed-loop green water bioreactors could help standardize zooplankton mass production to supply the aquafeeds industry.

Scientific Reports published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Application In Synthesis of 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Liang, Pei published the artcileEffects of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on orthotopic prostate cancer progression, tumor associated macrophages, angiogenesis and T-cell activation-dependence on GPR120, Application of Docosahexaenoic Acid, the publication is Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (2022), 25(3), 539-546, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Abstract: Background: The antiprostate cancer effects of dietary ¦Ø-3 fatty acids (FAs) were previously found to be dependent on host G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). Using an orthotopic tumor model and an ex-vivo model of bone marrow derived M2-like macrophages, we sought to determine if ¦Ø-3 FAs inhibit angiogenesis and activate T-cells, and if these effects are dependent on GPR120. Methods: Gausia luciferase labeled MycCaP prostate cancer cells (MycCaP-Gluc) were injected into the anterior prostate lobe of FVB mice. After established tumors were confirmed by blood luminescence, mice were fed an ¦Ø-3 or ¦Ø-6 diet. Five weeks after tumor injection, tumor weight, immune cell infiltration and markers of angiogenesis were determined An ex-vivo co-culture model of bone marrow derived M2-like macrophages from wild-type or GPR120 knockout mice with MycCap prostate cancer cells was used to determine if docosahexanoic acid (DHA, ¦Ø-3 FA) inhibition of angiogenesis and T-cell activation is dependent on macrophage GPR120. Results: Feeding an ¦Ø-3 diet significantly reduced orthotopic MycCaP-Gluc tumor growth relative to an ¦Ø-6 diet. Tumors from the ¦Ø-3 group had decreased M2-like macrophage infiltration and decreased expression of angiogenesis factors. DHA significantly inhibited M2 macrophage-induced endothelial tube formation and reversed M2 macrophage-induced T-cell suppression, and these DHA effects were mediated, in part, by M2 macrophage GPR120. Conclusion: Omega-3 FAs delayed orthotopic tumor growth, inhibited M2-like macrophage tumor infiltration, and inhibited M2-like macrophage-induced angiogenesis and T-cell suppression. Given the central role of M2-like macrophages in prostate cancer progression, GPR120-dependent ¦Ø-3 FA inhibition of M2-like macrophages may play an important role in prostate cancer therapeutics.

Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Application of Docosahexaenoic Acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Ruan, Mengjiao published the artcileCytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases play a pivotal role in Arabidopsis seed development, Related Products of catalysis-chemistry, the publication is Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Issy-les-Moulineaux, France) (2022), 207-219, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Embryo development is essential for seed yield and post-germination growth. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme in oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP), is widely involved in plant development and stress tolerance by providing NADP (NADPH). In this study, the double mutant (g6pd5/6), overexpression line (G6PD5/6^OE) and complementation line (g6pd5/6^Comp) of cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases (Cyt-G6PD) were used to investigate Cyt-G6PD roles in embryo development of Arabidopsis. The results showed that the germination rate of g6pd5/6 seeds was delayed in comparison with that of Col-0; moreover, 11.5% of g6pd5/6 seeds did not germinate. The dysfunction of Cyt-G6PD resulted in decreased fresh weight and primary root length of g6pd5/6 seedlings. The height and silique length of g6pd5/6 plants were also decreased. Moreover, the abortion rate of siliques and seeds of g6pd5/6 plants were increased compared with those of Col-0, G6PD5/6^OE and g6pd5/6^Comp lines. However, the dysfunction of Cyt-G6PD did not affect pollen activity; but in g6pd5/6, the embryo development was partially delayed or inhibited. The contents of fatty acids and storage proteins, two main storage materials in Arabidopsis seeds, were decreased in g6pd5/6 seeds. Exogenous application of fatty acids (C18:2; C18:3) alleviated the delayed germination of g6pd5/6 seeds. RT-qPCR results further demonstrated that the early embryo development genes were down-regulated in g6pd5/6. Taken together, Cyt-G6PD plays a pivotal role in plant seed development by regulating the transcriptions of early embryo development genes and the accumulation of storage materials (especially fatty acids).

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Issy-les-Moulineaux, France) published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Related Products of catalysis-chemistry.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia