Category: 6217-54-5

Guo, Yanxia published the artcileEffect of Hydrogen-Consuming Compounds on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Fatty Acids Profile, and Microbial Community in Water Buffalo, Quality Control of 6217-54-5, the publication is Current Microbiology (2022), 79(8), 220, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of hydrogen-consuming compounds on ruminal methane (CH4) production, in vitro fermentation parameters, fatty acids profile, and microbial community in water buffalo. Different sodium nitrate to disodium fumarate ratios [2:1 (F), 1:1 (S), 1:2 (T)] were studied in vitro by batch culture technique in the presence of linoleic acid. Results revealed that the dominant bacterial communities were not affected with sodium nitrate and disodium fumarate, whereas CH4 production and Verrucomicrobia, Succiniclasticum, norank_f__Muribaculaceae, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 were reduced (P < 0.05). However, ruminal pH, unsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (UFA/SFA) and Campilobacterota, Selenomonas, Succinivibrio, Oribacterium, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Campylobacter, Shuttleworthia, Schwartzia, and Prevotellaceae_YAB2003_group were increased (P < 0.05). Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and Spirochaetae, Fibrobacterota, Verrucomicrobia, Fibrobacter, Treponema, and Prevotellaceae were decreased in F (P < 0.05), but cis-9, trans-11CLA, acetate/propionate and Proteobacteria, Campilobacterota, Selenomonas, Succinivibrio, and Campylobacter were increased in F (P < 0.05). The highly selected bacterial genera in F were Campylobacter and Succinivibrio. The disodium fumarate, enhanced (P < 0.05) the TVFA, propionate, total bacteria, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, and Atypical butyrivibrio. The concentrations of C18:3n3, C20:3n6, C21:0, C22:2n6, and C22:1n9, as well as the populations of total fungi, protozoa, methanogens, Butyrivibrio hungatei in T were higher (P < 0.05). The highly selected bacterial genera in T were Fibrobacter and Treponema. Conclusively, the addition of sodium nitrate and disodium fumarate can reduce the CH4 production and optimize ruminal fatty acid composition Furthermore, disodium fumarate can alleviate the adverse effect of sodium nitrate on the rumen fermentation

Current Microbiology published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Quality Control of 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Cherian, Gita published the artcileEvaluation of two types of ingredients from marine fish rest raw materials in broiler diets: effects on live performance and meat lipid composition, Application In Synthesis of 6217-54-5, the publication is Journal of Applied Poultry Research (2022), 31(3), 100261, database is CAplus.

The current study investigated the effect of incorporating two ingredients derived from different types of marine fish rest raw materials in the diet of broiler chickens on live performance, carcass yield, muscle fatty acid (FA) composition, lipid peroxidation products, and blood metabolites. A total of ninety (n = 90), one-day-old Cobb chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet with no marine rest raw material (Control), 5% deboned Pacific hake meal (Diet 1), or 5% Pacific surimi washwater meal (Diet 2) for 42 d (30 birds per treatment kept in 6 replicate pens with 5 chicks per pen). For bird performance (feed consumption, weight gain), each replicate pen was considered as the exptl. unit. For determining yield, blood metabolites, and lipid anal., one bird collected from each replicate is considered as the exptl. unit. Bodyweight gain and feed:gain were determined at the starter (1-10), grower (11-21), and finisher (22-42) phases. For all response variables, the effects of Control vs. Diet 1 and Diet 2 were compared sep. using anal. of variance. P values were considered significant at ¡Ü0.05. No difference was observed in the body weight gain and feed:gain at day 10 (P > 0.05). At day 21, Diet 1 and Diet 2 birds were higher in body weight than Control (P < 0.05). At day 42, Diet 1 birds were highest in body weight (3,018 g) when compared to Control (2,728 g) (P < 0.05) and was not different from Diet 2 (2,912 g) (P > 0.05). Overall, feed:gain was lowest in Diet 2 (1.52) (P < 0.05) and was not different from Diet 1. A 2 to 5-fold increase in n-3 FA was observed in the breast and thigh muscle of Diet 1 and Diet 2 compared to Control (P < 0.05). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) was the major long chain FA in the breast and thigh muscle and addition of marine rest raw material led to >10-fold increase in the breast and thigh muscle DHA in Diet 1 and Diet 2 when compared to Control (P < 0.05). The total lipid content of thigh muscle was lower in Diet 1 and Diet 2 compared to Control (P < 0.05). No difference was observed in the total lipid content of breast muscle (P > 0.05). The relative organ weight and yield of breast and thigh muscles were not different among the three treatments (P > 0.05). No difference was observed in moisture and cholesterol content in breast and thigh muscles (P > 0.05). Blood cholesterol was lower in Diet 1 than Control (P < 0.05). Lipid peroxidation products measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were lower in the breast muscle of Diet 1 and Diet 2 compared to Control (P < 0.05). However, no effect of diet on thigh muscle TBARS was observed (P > 0.05). As consumer demands for n-3 FA-rich poultry products are on the rise, products derived from marine rest raw materials may serve as feed supplement that could be used in broiler chicken diets for enriching edible tissues with n-3 FA while increasing bird live performance and promoting ecol. poultry production

Journal of Applied Poultry Research published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Application In Synthesis of 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Hu, Mingyuan published the artcilePolyunsaturated fatty acid intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults: a dose response meta-analysis of cohort studies, Quality Control of 6217-54-5, the publication is Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome (2022), 14(1), 34, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Meta-anal. of relationship between polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adults. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for cohort studies that examined the association between PUFA and T2D incidence published up to Sept. 6, 2021. Relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR) was used as the effect indicator, each effect size was expressed by 95% confidence interval (CI). The presence of heterogeneity of effect size between studies was assessed by the Q-test and I2 statistics. If I2 ¡Ý 50%, the random-effects model was applied, otherwise the fixed effects model was used. Sensitivity anal. was performed for all models. Potential publication bias was assessed. We conducted linear and nonlinear dose-response meta-analyses, calculated summary relative risk (SRR). Twenty-five articles were selected including 54,000 patients in this study. Our estimates observed no linear associations between total PUFA and the incidence of T2D. However, the summary dose-response curve of T2D risk increased in a nonlinear pattern with the consumption of omega-3 PUFA (Pnonlinearity < 0.001) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (Pnonlinearity = 0.040). Our subgroup anal. showed that total PUFA intake was associated with increased incidence of T2D in Europe (RR: 1.040, 95% CI 1.009 to 1.072), and Australia (RR: 1.188, 95% CI 1.113 to 1.269). However, total PUFA intake was associated with decreased T2D incidence in Asia (RR: 0.897, 95% CI 0.860 to 0.936). Subgroup anal. based on PUFA types showed that DHA intake was associated with decreased T2D incidence (RR: 1.164, 95% CI 1.048 to 1.294) while linoleic acid (LA) decreased T2D incidence (RR: 0.956, 95% CI 0.930 to 0.983). Regarding the sex subgroup, women¡äs intake of total PUFA would increase the risk of T2D (RR: 1.049, 95% CI 1.019 to 1.079) while total PUFA intake decreased the risk of T2D in men (RR: 0.955, 95% CI 0.913 to 0.999). For specific PUFA, dose-response curves show nonlinear significant associations between PUFA intakes and T2D. It may be necessary to pay attention to the effects of PUFA and type of intake on T2D.

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Quality Control of 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Fonseca, Vanessa F. published the artcileFatty acid-based index development in estuarine organisms to pinpoint environmental contamination, Recommanded Product: Docosahexaenoic Acid, the publication is Marine Pollution Bulletin (2022), 113805, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Estuaries have long been preferred areas of human settlement, where multiple anthropogenic activities take place, which have contributed to a significant decrease in environmental quality of these ecosystems. Accordingly, environmental monitoring and management have long relied on the development of tools that summarize and simplify complex information and provide direct interpretation of quality status. Here, the fatty acid profiles of three abundant estuarine species, namely Hediste diversicolor, Carcinus maenas and Pomatoschistus microps, were used to develop and validate a multimetric index, based on the Euclidean dissimilarities of profiles between sites, in response to contamination gradient in a large urban estuary. Spatial differences were generally related to unsaturated fatty acids (mono- and polyunsaturated, of the n-3 and n-6 series) in all species, albeit more pronounced in P. microps. Multivariate models returned high classification accuracies for the three sampled sites, varying from 73.3% in the invertebrate species to 100.0% in the fish species. Results show the applicability of the developed FA-based index, particularly due to the easy of communication, for managers and the public alike, but also highlight the need for prior validation on species suitability or sensitivity to depict environmental contamination.

Marine Pollution Bulletin published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Recommanded Product: Docosahexaenoic Acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Yang, Rongqiang published the artcileAssociation of fish oil containing lipid emulsions with retinopathy of prematurity: a retrospective observational study, Application of Docosahexaenoic Acid, the publication is BMC Pediatrics (2022), 22(1), 113, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. This study aimed to investigate whether supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in parenteral nutrition may have beneficial effects on ROP in preterm infants. A total of 89 preterm infants, admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital from Sept. 2017 to August 2020, were recruited in the study. Based on the medical documents, the subjects were categorised into two groups: administration of the fish oil emulsion (n=43) containing soy oil, medium-chain-triglycerides (MCT), olive oil and fish oil (6g/dL, 6g/dL, 5g/dL and 3g/dL resp.), and the soy oil emulsion (n=46) containing 10g/dL of soy oil and MCT each. At 4 wk of hospitalization, ROP was screened and diagnosed. Fatty acids in erythrocytes were determined using gas chromatog. The averaged birth weight and gestational age were 1594¡À296 g and 31.9¡À2.3 wk, 1596¡À263 g and 31.6¡À2.3 wk resp. for preterm infants in the fish oil group and soy oil group. After 4 to 6 wk of hospitalization, among all the preterm infants, 52 developed ROP (all stages) indicating an incidence of ROP at 58.43%. Although the incidence of ROP with any stages showed no differences between the two groups, the severe ROP incidence in the group with fish oil emulsions (2.33%) was significantly lower than that in the group with soy oil emulsions (23.91%) (P<0.05). After 14 days of nutrition support, the preterm infants administered fish oil emulsions had an increase in erythrocyte DHA content, with a reduction in ratio of arachidonic acid (AA) to DHA and an increase of n-3 index. Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs through parenteral fish oil containing lipid emulsions resulted in an increase in erythrocyte DHA, and this might have beneficial effects on prevention of severe ROP in preterm infants.

BMC Pediatrics published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C18H28N2O7, Application of Docosahexaenoic Acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Remili, Anais published the artcileValidation of quantitative fatty acid signature analysis for estimating the diet composition of free-ranging killer whales, Recommanded Product: Docosahexaenoic Acid, the publication is Scientific Reports (2022), 12(1), 7938, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Accurate diet estimates are necessary to assess trophic interactions and food web dynamics in ecosystems, particularly for apex predators like cetaceans, which can regulate entire food webs. Quant. fatty acid anal. (QFASA) has been used to estimate the diets of marine predators in the last decade but has yet to be implemented on free-ranging cetaceans, from which typically only biopsy samples containing outer blubber are available, due to a lack of empirically determined calibration coefficients (CCs) that account for fatty acid (FA) metabolism Here, we develop and validate QFASA for killer whales using full blubber from managed-care and free-ranging individuals. First, we compute full, inner, and outer blubber CCs from the FA signatures across the blubber layers of managed-care killer whales and their long-term diet items. We then run cross-validating simulations on the managed-care individuals to evaluate the accuracy of diet estimates by comparing full-depth and depth-specific estimates to true diets. Finally, we apply these approaches to subsistence-harvested killer whales from Greenland to test the utility of the method for free-ranging killer whales, particularly for the outer blubber. Accurate diet estimates for the managed-care killer whales were only achieved using killer whale-specific and blubber-layer-specific CCs. Modeled diets for the Greenlandic killer whales largely consisted of seals (75.9 ¡À 4.7%) and/or fish (20.4 ¡À 2.4%), mainly mackerel, which was consistent with stomach content data and limited literature on this population. Given the remote habitats and below surface feeding of most cetaceans, this newly developed cetacean-specific QFASA method, which can be applied to outer-layer biopsies, offers promise to provide a significant new understanding of diet dynamics of free-ranging odontocetes and perhaps other cetacean species throughout the world’s oceans.

Scientific Reports published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Recommanded Product: Docosahexaenoic Acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Cartoni Mancinelli, Alice published the artcileLipid metabolism analysis in liver of different chicken genotypes and impact on nutritionally relevant polyunsaturated fatty acids of meat, Quality Control of 6217-54-5, the publication is Scientific Reports (2022), 12(1), 1888, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Humans and mammalian species are unable to synthesize significant amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which therefore must be introduced with the diet. In birds, lipogenesis takes place primarily in the liver, whereas adipose tissue serves as the storage site for triacylglycerols TG, composed by 80-85% esterified fatty acids. However, both the nature unsaturation level, n-3, or n-6 series and the allocation such as constituents of complexed lipids of PUFA are very important to evaluate their function in lipid metabolism The objective of the present investigation was to study the liver lipid metabolism, with particular attention to non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), TG, phospholipids (PL), FADS2 gene expression, and ¦¤6-desaturase activity of three chicken genotypes, Leghorn (Leg), Ross 308 Ross, and their crossbreed (LxR), by LC/MS anal. The concentration of single fatty acids in muscle was quantified by GC-FID. The results showed that the Ross has a lipid metabolism related mainly to storage and structural roles, exhibiting higher levels of TG, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine PC that are largely unsaturated Meanwhile Leg showed a relevant amount of n-3 NEFA characterized by a higher phosphatidylserine (PS) unsaturation level, FADS2 gene expression and enzyme activity. The LxR seem to have a moderate trend: n-6 and n-3 (NEFA) showed intermediate values compared with that of the Ross and Leg and the TG trend was similar to that of the Ross, while PE and PC were largely unsaturated mainly 6 and 7 UNS most of the metabolic energy for storage fatty acids in their tissues (TG) whereas, the Leg birds were characterized by different lipid metabolism showing in their liver a higher content of n-3 NEFA and higher unsaturation level in PS. Furthers details are needed to better attribute the lipid energy to the different metabolic portion.

Scientific Reports published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Quality Control of 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Ahonen, Eija published the artcileOxidative stability, oxidation pattern and alpha-tocopherol response of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3)-containing triacylglycerols and ethyl esters, Synthetic Route of 6217-54-5, the publication is Food Chemistry (2022), 132882, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

DHA is most often used in supplements either in its triacylglycerol or Et ester form. Currently, there is only little published data on the differences in the oxidative stability and ¦Á-tocopherol response between the two lipid structures, as well as on the oxidation patterns of pure DHA. This study investigated the oxidative stability, ¦Á-tocopherol response and oxidation pattern of DHA incorporated in triacylglycerols and as Et esters with an untargeted approach after oxidation at 50 ¡ãC in the dark. Liquid and gas chromatog. methods with mass spectrometric detection and NMR spectroscopy were applied. DHA was more stable in triacylglycerols than as Et esters without ¦Á-tocopherol addition With ¦Á-tocopherol added the opposite was observed The oxidation products formed during triacylglycerol and Et ester oil oxidation were mostly similar, but also some structure-related differences were detected in both volatile and non-volatile oxidation products.

Food Chemistry published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Synthetic Route of 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Defries, Danielle published the artcilePatterns of alpha-linolenic acid incorporation into phospholipids in H4IIE cells, Application of Docosahexaenoic Acid, the publication is Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry (2022), 109014, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Alpha linolenic acid (ALA) is an 18-carbon essential fatty acid found in plant-based foods and oils. While much attention has been placed on conversion of ALA to long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, alternative routes of ALA metabolism exist and may lead to formation of other bioactive metabolites of ALA. The current study employed a non-targeted metabolomics approach to profile ALA metabolites that are significantly upregulated by ALA treatment. H4IIE hepatoma cells (n=3 samples per time point) were treated with 60¦ÌM ALA or vehicle for 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 h. Samples were then extracted with methanol and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatog./quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Author observed selective changes in ALA incorporation into phospholipid classes and subclasses over the 12 h following ALA treatment. While levels of specific mol. species of ALA-containing phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and lysophospholipids were elevated with ALA treatment, others were not affected. Of the phospholipids that were increased, some (e.g., PC[18:3/18:1], PC[18:3/18:4], PE[18:3/18:2], PE[18:3/18:3]) were elevated almost immediately after exposure to ALA, while others (e.g., PE[18:1/18:3] PA[18:3/22:6], and PA[18:3/18:2]) were not elevated until several hours after ALA treatment. Overall, these results suggest that ALA incorporation into phospholipids is selective and support a metabolic hierarchy for ALA incorporation into specific phospholipids. Given the functionality of phospholipids based on their fatty acid composition, future studies will need to investigate the implications of ALA incorporation into specific phospholipids on cell function.

Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Application of Docosahexaenoic Acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Knott, Katrina K. published the artcileMercury, selenium, and fatty acids in the axial muscle of largemouth bass: evaluating the influence of seasonal and sexual changes in fish condition and reproductive status, Formula: C22H32O2, the publication is Ecotoxicology (2022), 31(5), 761-781, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Largemouth bass (LMB, 265-475 mm) were collected to document whether changes in fish condition and reproductive status influenced the concentration of total mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) in axial muscle by season and sex. The fatty acid (FA) composition of fish was also examined to describe seasonal and sexual differences and identify whether arachidonic acid (ARA) could be used as a biomarker of Hg toxicity. There was a trend for females to have lower (p < 0.062) Se concentrations than males. The concentration of Se for females during spring (mean ¡À SD, 686 ¡À 51 ng/g dw) was 15% lower than males (806 ¡À 67 ng/g dw). Lower Se concentrations in females than males continued through summer and fall. Concentration of Hg for females during spring (152 ¡À 39 ng/g ww) was also 59% lower than males (373 ¡À 303 ng/g ww), but the difference was not significant (p > 0.2). The percent of lipids was greatest in fall and winter (3%) and comprised primarily of omega-3 fatty acids (35 g/100 g lipid). Fish condition as measured by percent lipids and relative weight was neg. (p < 0.02) related to Hg concentration for females and males. Lipid content for both sexes was also pos. (p < 0.05) related to the Se:Hg ratio. Relative weight was pos. related to the Se:Hg ratio for females during all seasons (p = 0.014), but only during spring and summer for males (p < 0.007). A low Se:Hg value was associated with an elevation in ARA for both sexes and a reduced hepatosomatic index in males. Data suggested that females transferred muscle stores of Se and Hg to developing oocytes during spring. This study generates hypotheses regarding the physiol. drivers of seasonal and sexual variability in Hg, Se, and FA in LMB that may be applicable to other species and have implications for fisheries health and management.

Ecotoxicology published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Formula: C22H32O2.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia