Category: 63-68-3

Aledo, Juan Carlos published the artcilePhylogenies from unaligned proteomes using sequence environments of amino acid residues, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, the publication is Scientific Reports (2022), 12(1), 7497, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Alignment-free methods for sequence comparison and phylogeny inference have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. Several algorithms have been implemented in diverse software packages. Despite the great number of existing methods, most of them are based on word statistics. Although they propose different filtering and weighting strategies and explore different metrics, their performance may be limited by the phylogenetic signal preserved in these words. Herein, we present a different approach based on the species-specific amino acid neighborhood preferences. These differential preferences can be assessed in the context of vector spaces. In this way, a distance-based method to build phylogenies has been developed and implemented into an easy-to-use R package. Tests run on real-world datasets show that this method can reconstruct phylogenetic relationships with high accuracy, and often outperforms other alignment-free approaches. Furthermore, we present evidence that the new method can perform reliably on datasets formed by non-orthologous protein sequences, i.e., the method not only does not require the identification of orthologous proteins, but also does not require their presence in the analyzed dataset. These results suggest that the neighborhood preference of amino acids conveys a phylogenetic signal that may be of great utility in phylogenomics.

Scientific Reports published new progress about 63-68-3. 63-68-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Natural product, name is (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C5H11NO2S, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Hu, Jianguang published the artcileCorrelation between intestinal flora disruption and protein-energy wasting in patients with end-stage renal disease, COA of Formula: C5H11NO2S, the publication is BMC Nephrology (2022), 23(1), 130, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Different dialysis treatments may affect the composition and structure of the intestinal flora of dialysis-treated chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This study aimed to analyze the correlations between the different flora and the nutritional indexes and further explore the potential metabolic pathways in patients with CKD in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Altogether, 102 patients with ESRD were recruited and categorized into the hemodialysis (HD) group (N = 49) and the peritoneal dialysis (PD) group (N = 53). Their biochem. indexes, anthropometric indicators, and inflammatory markers were determined The total genomic DNA was extracted for 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Furthermore, bioinformatics anal. was employed for functional anal. Anthropometric indicators, including handgrip strength, mid-upper arm circumference, mid-upper arm muscle circumference, and body mass index, in the HD and PD groups showed a pos. correlation with butyric acid-producing bacteria (Rosella and Phascolarctobacterium) and a neg. correlation with conditional pathogens (Escherichia spp.). Meanwhile, the inflammatory markers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, were significantly higher in the PD-protein-energy wasting (PEW) group than in the PD-non-protein-energy wasting (NPEW) group; although they showed an increasing trend in the HD-PEW group, no significant difference was noted. Rosella was considerably scarce in the HD-PEW group than in the HD-NPEW group, whereas Escherichia was substantially more abundant in the PD-PEW group than in the PD-NPEW group. Compared with the HD group, the essential amino acid synthesis pathway, amino acid metabolism-related enzyme pathways, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathways were weakened in the PD group. Most carbohydrate metabolic pathways were weakened, although the tricarboxylic acid cycle was slightly enhanced. Concurrently, the fatty acid metabolism was enhanced, whereas fatty acid synthesis was weakened; the metabolic pathways of B vitamins were also weakened. These potential metabolic pathways of the various compounds released by intestinal flora showed a significant correlation with blood biochem. indexes, anthropometric indicators, and inflammatory markers. In patients with ESRD, different dialysis treatments affected the abundance of butyric acid-producing bacteria (Rosella and Phascolarctobacterium) and conditional pathogens (Escherichia spp.). Butyric acid-producing bacteria showed a pos. correlation with PEW and showed a neg. correlation with Escherichia. Improving the intestinal diversity and increasing the amount of butyric acid-producing bacteria, such as Blautella, Faecococcus, and Phascolarctobacterium, are potential therapeutic approaches to enhance protein-energy consumption in patients with ESRD.

BMC Nephrology published new progress about 63-68-3. 63-68-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Natural product, name is (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C5H11NO2S, COA of Formula: C5H11NO2S.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Ding, Xiumin published the artcileBottom-up synthetic biology approach for improving the efficiency of menaquinone-7 synthesis in Bacillus subtilis, Product Details of C5H11NO2S, the publication is Microbial Cell Factories (2022), 21(1), 101, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Menaquinone-7 (MK-7), which is associated with complex and tightly regulated pathways and redox imbalances, is produced at low titers in Bacillus subtilis. Synthetic biol. provides a rational engineering principle for the transcriptional optimization of key enzymes and the artificial creation of cofactor regeneration systems without regulatory interference. This holds great promise for alleviating pathway bottlenecks and improving the efficiency of carbon and energy utilization. We used a bottom-up synthetic biol. approach for the synthetic redesign of central carbon and to improve the adaptability between material and energy metabolism in MK-7 synthesis pathways. First, the rate-limiting enzymes, 1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS), isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase (Fni), 1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate reductase (DXR), isochorismate synthase (MenF), and 3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase (AroA) in the MK-7 pathway were sequentially overexpressed. Promoter engineering and fusion tags were used to overexpress the key enzyme MenA, and the titer of MK-7 was 39.01 mg/L. Finally, after stoichiometric calculation and optimization of the cofactor regeneration pathway, we constructed two NADPH regeneration systems, enhanced the endogenous cofactor regeneration pathway, and introduced a heterologous NADH kinase (Pos5P) to increase the availability of NADPH for MK-7 biosynthesis. The strain expressing pos5P was more efficient in converting NADH to NADPH and had excellent MK-7 synthesis ability. Following three Design-Build-Test-Learn cycles, the titer of MK-7 after flask fermentation reached 53.07 mg/L, which was 4.52 times that of B. subtilis 168. Addnl., the artificially constructed cofactor regeneration system reduced the amount of NADH-dependent byproduct lactate in the fermentation broth by 9.15%. This resulted in decreased energy loss and improved carbon conversion. In summary, a “high-efficiency, low-carbon, cofactor-recycling” MK-7 synthetic strain was constructed, and the strategy used in this study can be generally applied for constructing high-efficiency synthesis platforms for other terpenoids, laying the foundation for the large-scale production of high-value MK-7 as well as terpenoids.

Microbial Cell Factories published new progress about 63-68-3. 63-68-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Natural product, name is (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C5H11NO2S, Product Details of C5H11NO2S.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Lu, Yuting published the artcileComparison of gut microbial communities, free amino acids or fatty acids contents in the muscle of wild Aristichthys nobilis from Xinlicheng reservoir and Chagan lake, Application of (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, the publication is BMC Microbiology (2022), 22(1), 32, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Fish is favored by consumers, while amino acids and fatty acids are the main nutrients of muscle. At present, it has been found that the gut microbial community may be involved in the regulation of host material anabolism. Juvenile and adult bighead carp (A. nobilis) from Chagan lake and Xinlicheng reservoir were selected, and divided into four groups to compare the differences of gut microbial communities, free amino acid and fatty acids in muscle. The results showed that fish in different lakes or ages contained specific microbiota, the gut microbial structure was similar, but the microbial content was significantly different. Gut microbial abundance of juvenile fish in Chagan lake was significantly higher than that of other groups. Phylum level anal. Proteobacteria was the dominant gut bacteria of fish in both adult and juvenile fish from two sep. lakes. Actinobacteria was another dominant bacterial phylum in juvenile fish in both lakes. Contents of free amino acids and fatty acids in muscle were detected, and the relationships between them and gut microbial communities were analyzed. Bighead carp grew from juvenile to adult, Actinobacteria abundance decreased (P < 0.05) and Proteobacteria increased (P < 0.05). Proteobacteria was pos. correlated with the contents of Thr, Lys, Pro, Asp, Gly and Glu, Actinobacteria was neg. correlated with Met and His. Meanwhile, EPA and DHA were pos. correlated with Proteobacteria, EPA and DHA were not significantly associated with Actinobacteria. It was speculated that the contents of free amino acids and fatty acids in muscle might be affected by the difference of gut microbiota, thus affecting the taste and nutritional quality.

BMC Microbiology published new progress about 63-68-3. 63-68-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Natural product, name is (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C5H11NO2S, Application of (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Yu, Yi-fan published the artcileComparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal the methanol dissimilation pathway of Pichia pastoris, Application of (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, the publication is BMC Genomics (2022), 23(1), 366, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) is a model organism widely used for the recombinant expression of eukaryotic proteins, and it can metabolize methanol as its sole carbon and energy source. Methanol is oxidized to formaldehyde by alc. oxidase (AOX). In the dissimilation pathway, formaldehyde is oxidized to CO2 by formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FLD), S-hydroxymethyl glutathione hydrolase (FGH) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH). The transcriptome and metabolome of P. pastoris were determined under methanol cultivation when its dissimilation pathway cut off. Firstly, ¦¤fld and ¦¤fgh were significantly different compared to the wild type (GS115), with a 60.98% and 23.66% reduction in biomass, resp. The differential metabolites between GS115 and ¦¤fld were mainly enriched in ABC transporters, amino acid biosynthesis, and protein digestion and absorption. Secondly, comparative transcriptome between knockout and wild type strains showed that oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis and the TCA cycle were downregulated, while alc. metabolism, proteasomes, autophagy and peroxisomes were upregulated. Interestingly, the down-regulation of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway was pos. correlated with the gene order of dissimilation pathway knockdown. In addition, there were significant differences in amino acid metabolism and glutathione redox cycling that raised our concerns about formaldehyde sorption in cells. This is the first time that integrity of dissimilation pathway anal. based on transcriptomics and metabolomics was carried out in Pichia pastoris. The blockage of dissimilation pathway significantly down-regulates the level of oxidative phosphorylation and weakens the methanol assimilation pathway to the point where deficiencies in energy supply and carbon fixation result in inefficient biomass accumulation and genetic replication. In addition, transcriptional upregulation of the proteasome and autophagy may be a stress response to resolve formaldehyde-induced DNA-protein crosslinking.

BMC Genomics published new progress about 63-68-3. 63-68-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Natural product, name is (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C22H18O2, Application of (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Guo, Xin published the artcileEffect of traditional chinese medicine (TCM) and its fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum on ceftriaxone sodium-induced dysbacteriotic diarrhea in mice, Application of (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, the publication is Chinese Medicine (London, United Kingdom) (2022), 17(1), 20, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Buzhongyiqi decoction (BD), Sijunzi decoction (SD), and Shenlingbaizhu decoction (SHD) have been extensively used clin. for the treatment of diseases caused by spleen-Qi deficiency and microbial fermentation has historically been utilized in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This study aimed to investigate the mitigative effect of TCM and fermented TCM (FTCM) with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) on antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and to select an optimal formula and then identify its compounds Dysbacteriosis in mice was induced by ceftriaxone sodium (CS). The mice were then treated with LP, BD, SD, SHD, fermented BD, fermented SD (FSD), and fermented SHD. Diarrhea indexes, the abundances of gut bacteria, intestinal morphometrics, and mRNA expressions of genes related to intestinal barrier function were assessed. Then, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatog. coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) were employed to identify and relatively quantify the compounds in the selected decoctions. CS significantly increased the fecal output weight, the total number of fecal output, and fecal water content, indicating the occurrence of diarrhea. Bacterial culture tests showed that the above symptoms were accompanied by the disruption of specific intestinal flora. TCM, LP, and FTCM alleviated the diarrhea index and recovered the intestinal microbiota. FTCM showed more advantageous than TCM or LP alone. The mRNA expressions of aquaporins (AQPs) and tight junctions (TJs) decreased by CS were enhanced by TCM, LP, and FTCM. In addition, through UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS, (S)-(-)-2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, L-methionine, 4-guanidinobutyric acid (4GBA), and phenyllactate (PLA) in SD and FSD were identified and relatively quantified. TCM, LP, and TCM fermented with LP alleviated CS-induced diarrhea symptoms, and improved the intestinal flora and barrier function. Four compounds including (S)-(-)-2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, L-methionine, 4GBA, and PLA in FSD, which were identified by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS, might function in modulating intestinal flora and improving villi structure.

Chinese Medicine (London, United Kingdom) published new progress about 63-68-3. 63-68-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Natural product, name is (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C5H11NO2S, Application of (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Park, Hongsun published the artcileHornerin deposits in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease: direct identification of proteins with compositionally biased regions in inclusions, SDS of cas: 63-68-3, the publication is Acta Neuropathologica Communications (2022), 10(1), 28, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the presence of eosinophilic inclusions (NIIs) within nuclei of central and peripheral nervous system cells. This study aims to identify the components of NIIs, which have been difficult to analyze directly due to their insolubility In order to establish a method to directly identify the components of NIIs, we first analyzed the huntingtin inclusion-rich fraction obtained from the brains of Huntington disease model mice. Although the sequence with expanded polyglutamine could not be identified by liquid-chromatog. mass spectrometry, amino acid anal. revealed that glutamine of the huntingtin inclusion-rich fraction increased significantly. This is compatible with the calculated amino acid content of the transgene product. Therefore, we applied this method to analyze the NIIs of diseased human brains, which may have proteins with compositionally biased regions, and identified a serine-rich protein called hornerin. Since the analyzed NII-rich fraction was also serine-rich, we suggested hornerin as a major component of the NIIs. A specific distribution of hornerin in NIID was also investigated by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence. Finally, we confirmed a variant of hornerin by whole-exome sequencing and DNA sequencing. This study suggests that hornerin may be related to the pathol. process of this NIID, and the direct anal. of NIIs, especially by amino acid anal. using the NII-rich fractions, would contribute to a deeper understanding of the disease pathogenesis.

Acta Neuropathologica Communications published new progress about 63-68-3. 63-68-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Natural product, name is (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C5H11NO2S, SDS of cas: 63-68-3.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Ye, Xinhai published the artcileGenome of the parasitoid wasp Cotesia chilonis sheds light on amino acid resource exploitation, SDS of cas: 63-68-3, the publication is BMC Biology (2022), 20(1), 118, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A fundamental feature of parasitism is the nutritional exploitation of host organisms by their parasites. Parasitoid wasps lay eggs on arthropod hosts, exploiting them for nutrition to support larval development by using diverse effectors aimed at regulating host metabolism However, the genetic components and mol. mechanisms at the basis of such exploitation, especially the utilization of host amino acid resources, remain largely unknown. To address this question, here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of the parasitoid wasp Cotesia chilonis and reconstruct its amino acid biosynthetic pathway. Analyses of the amino acid synthetic pathway indicate that C. chilonis lost the ability to synthesize ten amino acids, which was confirmed by feeding experiments with amino acid-depleted media. Of the ten pathways, nine are known to have been lost in the common ancestor of animals. We find that the ability to synthesize arginine was also lost in C. chilonis because of the absence of two key genes in the arginine synthesis pathway. Further analyses of the genomes of 72 arthropods species show that the loss of arginine synthesis is common in arthropods. Metabolomic analyses by UPLC-MS/MS reveal that the temporal concentrations of arginine, serine, tyrosine, and alanine are significantly higher in host (Chilo suppressalis) hemolymph at 3 days after parasitism, whereas the temporal levels of 5-hydroxylysine, glutamic acid, methionine, and lysine are significantly lower. We sequence the transcriptomes of a parasitized host and non-parasitized control. Differential gene expression analyses using these transcriptomes indicate that parasitoid wasps inhibit amino acid utilization and activate protein degradation in the host, likely resulting in the increase of amino acid content in host hemolymph. We sequenced the genome of a parasitoid wasp, C. chilonis, and revealed the features of trait loss in amino acid biosynthesis. Our work provides new insights into amino acid exploitation by parasitoid wasps, and this knowledge can specifically be used to design parasitoid artificial diets that potentially benefit mass rearing of parasitoids for pest control.

BMC Biology published new progress about 63-68-3. 63-68-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Natural product, name is (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H10BNO3, SDS of cas: 63-68-3.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Zhou, Huajin published the artcileComparison of endogenous amino acid losses in broilers when offered nitrogen-free diets with differing ratios of dextrose to corn starch, Formula: C5H11NO2S, the publication is Scientific Reports (2022), 12(1), 5689, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The nitrogen-free diet (NFD) method is widely used to determine the ileal endogenous amino acids (IEAAs) losses in broiler chickens. Starch and dextrose are the main components of NFD, but the effects of their proportion in the NFD on the IEAAs and the digestive physiol. of broilers are still unclear. This preliminary study aims to explore the best proportion of glucose and corn starch in NFD to simulate the normal intestinal physiol. of broilers, which helps to improve the accuracy of IEAAs determination For this purpose, 28-day-old broiler chickens were allocated to five treatment groups for a 3-day trial, including a control group and four NFD groups. The ratios of dextrose to corn starch (D/CS) in the four NFD were 1.00, 0.60, 0.33, and 0.14, resp. Results noted that NFD significantly reduced serum IGF-1, albumin, and uric acid levels compared with the control (P < 0.05), except there was no difference between group D/CS 0.33 and the control for IGF-1. The increased Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Leu, His, Tyr, Arg, and Pro contents of IEAAs were detected in broilers fed the NFD with a higher ratio of D/CS (1.00 and 0.60) compared to the lower ratio of D/CS (0.33 and 0.14). Moreover, ileal digestibility of dry matter and activity of digestive enzymes increased as the D/CS elevated (P < 0.001). Further investigation revealed that the number of ileal goblet cells and Mucin-2 expression were higher in the group with D/CS at 1.00 when compared with group D/CS 0.33 and the control (P < 0.05). Microbiota anal. showed that NFD reshaped the gut microbiota, characterized by decreased microbial diversity and lower abundance of Bacteroidetes, and increased Proteobacteria (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that a higher D/CS ratio (1.00 and 0.60) in NFD increases IEAAs by promoting digestive enzymes and mucin secretion. However, the excessive proportion of starch (D/CS = 0.14) in NFD was unsuitable for the chicken to digest. The chickens fed with NFD with the D/CS ratio at 0.33 were closer to the normal digestive physiol. state. Thus, the ratio of D/CS in NFD at 0.33 is more appropriate to detect IEAAs of broiler chickens.

Scientific Reports published new progress about 63-68-3. 63-68-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Natural product, name is (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H19NO, Formula: C5H11NO2S.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Zheng, Anqi published the artcileA binding-enhanced but enzymatic activity-eliminated human ACE2 efficiently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants, SDS of cas: 63-68-3, the publication is Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy (2022), 7(1), 10, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The goal is to generate a recombinant ACE2 protein that is long lasting without enzymic activity and can potently neutralize different SARS-CoV-2 variants. To screen efficient ACE2 fusion proteins with neutralization activity against both the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 strain (SARS-CoV-2 WT) and variants, we designed a panel of hACE2 proteins with mutations in the binding interface with the SARS-CoV-2 RBD. We focused on five potentially critical hydrophobic or charged residues, T27, D30, K31, H34, and M82, and designed seven mutants (T27F, D30E, K31R, H34F, H34W, M82F, and M82W) that enhance their hydrophobicity or electrification. We found that the binding affinities of two hACE2-mFc mutants, T27F and D30E, were enhanced, the affinities of two others, K31R and H34F, were diminished, and the affinities of the remaining three, H34W, M82F, and M82W, were nearly identical to that of wild-type hACE2 (hACE2-WT). HACE2-WT and mutant proteins can neutralize both SARS-CoV-2 WT and variants infection with decreased the half maximal inhibitory concentrations in Vero cells. Our binding and neutralization analyses indicate that hACE2-T27F-R273Q has potential as a broad antiviral therapeutic against current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants, and provides insights into its potential for the treatment of infections of other SARS-like coronavirus who use the ACE2 as entry receptor.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy published new progress about 63-68-3. 63-68-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Natural product, name is (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C5H5NO3S, SDS of cas: 63-68-3.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia