Tag: M.W=300-350

Rosenau, Simon published the artcileFeeding green: Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) induced changes in production performance and quality of salmonid species, Application In Synthesis of 6217-54-5, the publication is Aquaculture Research (2022), 53(12), 4276-4287, database is CAplus.

Spirulina is an interesting candidate for fish nutrition. This study aims to investigate the effect of the complete replacement of fishmeal with spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) in the diets of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta fario), in relation to growth and product quality. Two isoenergetic and isonitrogenous exptl. diets containing either fishmeal or spirulina as a main source of protein were used for a 10-wk feeding trial. Differences in the spirulina acceptance and conversion between species were observed The exptl. diets were well accepted except for brown trout. A species-diet interaction was observed, which led to a reduction in final body weight due to the spirulina supplementation for brook and rainbow trout (p$$ p $$ < 0.05). Parallel, the feed conversion ratio increased to the same extent in the spirulina-fed fish (p$$ p $$ < 0.05), fostering the assumption, that both species did not differ in converting the spirulina diet. Spirulina led to a significant increase (p$$ p $$ < 0.05) in yellow and red coloration in both raw and cooked fillets. The diet had a significant effect on the fatty acid profile, resulting in an increase in SFA and MUFA, while PUFA levels decreased significantly in spirulina-fed fish (p$$ p $$ < 0.05). Overall, total replacement of fishmeal with Spirulina goes along with a reduced production performance and effects on major product quality traits such as fillet color and fatty acid pattern. In particular, consumer acceptance of the yellow fillet color should be further investigated.

Aquaculture Research published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Application In Synthesis of 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Brousseau, Margaret E. published the artcileIdentification of a PCSK9-LDLR disruptor peptide with in vivo function, Quality Control of 71989-31-6, the publication is Cell Chemical Biology (2022), 29(2), 249-258.e5, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) regulates plasma low-d. lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels by promoting hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR) degradation Therapeutic antibodies that disrupt PCSK9-LDLR binding reduce LDL-C concentrations and cardiovascular disease risk. The epidermal growth factor precursor homol. domain A (EGF-A) of the LDLR serves as a primary contact with PCSK9 via a flat interface, presenting a challenge for identifying small mol. PCSK9-LDLR disruptors. We employ an affinity-based screen of 1013in vitro-translated macrocyclic peptides to identify high-affinity PCSK9 ligands that utilize a unique, induced-fit pocket and partially disrupt the PCSK9-LDLR interaction. Structure-based design led to mols. with enhanced function and pharmacokinetic properties (e.g., ₁₃PCSK9i). In mice, ₁₃PCSK9i reduces plasma cholesterol levels and increases hepatic LDLR d. in a dose-dependent manner. ₁₃PCSK9i functions by a unique, allosteric mechanism and is the smallest mol. identified to date with in vivo PCSK9-LDLR disruptor function.

Cell Chemical Biology published new progress about 71989-31-6. 71989-31-6 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Amino acide derivatives,pyrrolidine, name is Fmoc-Pro-OH, and the molecular formula is C20H19NO4, Quality Control of 71989-31-6.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Fan, Jinda published the artcileMultifunctional Thio-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Detection and Imaging of Activated Caspase-3, Recommanded Product: Fmoc-Pro-OH, the publication is Current Analytical Chemistry (2021), 17(8), 1182-1193, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are commonly used in nanomedicine because of their unique spectral properties, chem. and biol. stability, and ability to quench the fluorescence of organic dyes attached to their surfaces. However, the utility of spherical AuNPs for activatable fluorescence sensing of mol. processes have been confined to resonance-matched fluorophores in the 500 nm to 600 nm spectral range to maximize dye fluorescence quenching efficiency. Expanding the repertoire of fluorophore systems into the NIR fluorescence regimen with emission >800 nm will facilitate the anal. of multiple biol. events with high detection sensitivity. The primary goal of this study is to determine if spherical AuNP-induced radiative rate suppression of non-resonant near-IR (NIR) fluorescent probes can serve as a versatile nanoconstruct for highly sensitive detection and imaging of activated caspase-3 in aqueous media and cancer cells. This required the development of activatable NIR fluorescence sensors of caspase-3 designed to overcome the nonspecific degradation and release of the surface coatings in aqueous media. We harnessed the fluorescence-quenching properties and multivalency of spherical AuNPs to develop AuNP-templated activatable NIR fluorescent probes to detect activated caspase-3, an intracellular reporter of early cell death. Freshly AuNPs were coated with a multifunctional NIR fluorescent dye-labeled peptide (LS422) consisting of an RGD peptide sequence that targets ¦Áv¦Â3 -integrin protein (¦Áv¦Â3)on the surface of cancer cells to mediate the uptake and internalization of the sensors in tumor cells; a DEVD peptide sequence for reporting the induction of cell death through caspase-3 mediated NIR fluorescence enhancement; and a multidentate hexacysteine sequence for enhancing self-assembly and stabilizing the multifunctional construct on AuNPs. The integrin-binding affinity of LS422 and caspase-3 kinetics were determined by competitive radioligand binding and fluorogenic peptide assays, resp. Detection of intracellular caspase-3, cell viability, and the internalization of LS422 in cancer cells was determined by confocal NIR fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy. Narrow size AuNPs (13 nm) were prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. When assembled on the AuNPs, the binding constant of LS422 for¦Áv¦Â3 improved 11- fold from 13.2 nM to 1.2 nM. Whereas the catalytic turnover of caspase-3 by LS422-AuNPs was similar to the reference fluorogenic peptide, the binding affinity for the enzyme increased by a factor of 2. Unlike the ¦Áv¦Â3 pos., but caspase-3 neg. breast cancer MCF-7 cells, treatment of the ¦Áv¦Â3 and caspase-3 pos. lung cancer A549 cells with Paclitaxel showed significant fluorescence enhancement within 30 min, which correlated with caspase-3 specific activation of LS422-AuNPs fluorescence. The incorporation of a 3.5 mW NIR laser source into our spectrofluorometer increased the detection sensitivity by an order of magnitude (limit of detection ?0.1 nM of cypate) and significantly decreased the signal noise relative to a xenon lamp. This gain in sensitivity enabled the detection of substrate hydrolysis at a broad range of inhibitor concentrations without photobleaching the cypate dye. The multifunctional AuNPs demonstrate the use of a non-resonant quenching strategy to design activatable NIR fluorescence mol. probes. The nanoconstruct offers a selective reporting method for detecting activated caspase-3, imaging of cell viability, identifying dying cells, and visualizing the functional status of intracellular enzymes. Performing these tasks with NIR fluorescent probes creates an opportunity to translate the in vitro and cellular anal. of enzymes into in vivo interrogation of their functional status using deep tissue penetrating NIR fluorescence anal. methods.

Current Analytical Chemistry published new progress about 71989-31-6. 71989-31-6 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Amino acide derivatives,pyrrolidine, name is Fmoc-Pro-OH, and the molecular formula is C20H19NO4, Recommanded Product: Fmoc-Pro-OH.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Fleming, Matthew C. published the artcileDiscovery and Structural Basis of the Selectivity of Potent Cyclic Peptide Inhibitors of MAGE-A4, Related Products of catalysis-chemistry, the publication is Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2022), 65(10), 7231-7245, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

MAGE proteins are cancer testis antigens (CTAs) that are characterized by highly conserved MAGE homol. domains (MHDs) and are increasingly being found to play pivotal roles in promoting aggressive cancer types. MAGE-A4, in particular, increases DNA damage tolerance and chemoresistance in a variety of cancers by stabilizing the E3-ligase RAD18 and promoting trans-lesion synthesis (TLS). Inhibition of the MAGE-A4:RAD18 axis could sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutics like platinating agents. We use an mRNA display of thioether cyclized peptides to identify a series of potent and highly selective macrocyclic inhibitors of the MAGE-A4:RAD18 interaction. Co-crystal structure indicates that these inhibitors bind in a pocket that is conserved across MHDs but take advantage of A4-specific residues to achieve high isoform selectivity. Cumulatively, our data represent the first reported inhibitor of the MAGE-A4:RAD18 interaction and establish biochem. tools and structural insights for the future development of MAGE-A4-targeted cellular probes.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 71989-31-6. 71989-31-6 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Amino acide derivatives,pyrrolidine, name is Fmoc-Pro-OH, and the molecular formula is C20H19NO4, Related Products of catalysis-chemistry.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Lee, Youngjun published the artcileMonochromophoric Design Strategy for Tetrazine-Based Colorful Bioorthogonal Probes with a Single Fluorescent Core Skeleton, Computed Properties of 1466420-02-9, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2018), 140(3), 974-983, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Fluorogenic bioorthogonal probes are ideal for fluorescent imaging in live cell conditions. By taking advantage of the dual functionality of tetrazine (Tz), as a bioorthogonal reaction unit as well as a fluorescence quencher, a fluorophore-Tz conjugate (FL_Tz) has been utilized for fluorescent live cell imaging via inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA) type bioorthogonal reactions. However, most FL_Tz strategies rely on a donor-acceptor-type energy transfer mechanism, which limits red-shifting of probes’ emission wavelength without deterioration of the fluorescent turn-on/off ratio. To address this constraint, herein the authors present a monochromophoric design strategy for making a series of FL_Tzs spanning a broad range of emission colors. For the systematic comparison of design strategies with minimized structural differences, the authors selected indolizine-based emission-tunable Seoul-Fluor (SF) as a model fluorophore system. As a result, by inducing strong electronic coupling between Tz and ¦Ð-conjugation systems of an indolizine core, the authors efficiently quench the fluorescence of SF-tetrazine conjugates (SF_Tzs) and achieved more than 1000-fold enhancement in fluorescence after iEDDA reaction with trans-cyclooctene (TCO). Importantly, the authors were able to develop a series of colorful SF_Tzs with a similar turn-on/off ratio regardless of their emission wavelength. The applicability as bioorthogonal probes was demonstrated with fluorescence bioimaging of innate microtubule and mitochondria using docetaxel-TCO and triphenylphosphonium-TCO in live cells without washing steps. The authors believe this study could provide new insight for the reliable and generally applicable mol. design strategy to develop bioorthogonal fluorogenic probes having an excellent turn-on ratio, regardless of their emission wavelength.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 1466420-02-9. 1466420-02-9 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Copper-Free Click Chemistry,Tetrazine, name is (4-(6-Methyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)phenyl)methanamine trifluoroacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C12H12F3N5O2, Computed Properties of 1466420-02-9.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Tay, Nicholas E. S. published the artcile¹⁹F- and ¹⁸F-arene deoxyfluorination via organic photoredox-catalysed polarity-reversed nucleophilic aromatic substitution, SDS of cas: 17351-62-1, the publication is Nature Catalysis (2020), 3(9), 734-742, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S_NAr) is routinely used to install ¹⁹F- and ¹⁸F- in aromatic mols., but it is typically limited to electron-deficient arenes due to kinetic barriers associated with C-F bond formation. A polarity-reversed photoredox-catalyzed arene deoxyfluorination that operates via cation-radical-accelerated S_NAr enables the fluorination of electron-rich arenes 4-ClC₆H₄OR (R = 4-phenylphenyl, 3-methoxypyridin-2-yl, 2,4-bis(tert-butoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl, 4-[(2S)-2-([(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino)-3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl]benzen-1-yl, etc.) with ¹⁹F- and ¹⁸F- under mild conditions, and thus complements the traditional arene polarity requirements necessary for S_NAr-based fluorination. The utility of radiofluorination strategy is highlighted by short reaction times, compatibility with multiple nucleofuges and high radiofluorination yields ¹⁸FR, especially that of an important cancer positron emission tomog. agent [¹⁸F]5-fluorouracil. Taken together, fluorination approach enables the development of fluorinated ¹⁹FR and radiofluorinated compounds ¹⁸FR that can be difficult to access by classical S_NAr strategies, with the potential for use in the synthesis and discovery of positron emission tomog. radiopharmaceuticals.

Nature Catalysis published new progress about 17351-62-1. 17351-62-1 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Amine, name is Tetrabutylammonium hydrogencarbonate, and the molecular formula is C10H11NO4, SDS of cas: 17351-62-1.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Chen, Wei published the artcileDHA alleviates diet-induced skeletal muscle fiber remodeling via FTO/m6A/DDIT4/PGC1alpha signaling, Related Products of catalysis-chemistry, the publication is BMC Biology (2022), 20(1), 39, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Obesity leads to a decline in the exercise capacity of skeletal muscle, thereby reducing mobility and promoting obesity-associated health risks. Dietary intervention has been shown to be an important measure to regulate skeletal muscle function, and previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 ¦Ø-3) on skeletal muscle function. At the mol. level, DHA and its metabolites were shown to be extensively involved in regulating epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and small non-coding microRNAs. However, whether and how epigenetic modification of mRNA such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mediates DHA regulation of skeletal muscle function remains unknown. Here, we analyze the regulatory effect of DHA on skeletal muscle function and explore the involvement of m6A mRNA modifications in mediating such regulation. DHA supplement prevented HFD-induced decline in exercise capacity and conversion of muscle fiber types from slow to fast in mice. DHA-treated myoblasts display increased mitochondrial biogenesis, while slow muscle fiber formation was promoted through DHA-induced expression of PGC1¦Á. Further anal. of the associated mol. mechanism revealed that DHA enhanced expression of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO), leading to reduced m6A levels of DNA damage-induced transcript 4 (Ddit4). Ddit4 mRNA with lower m6A marks could not be recognized and bound by the cytoplasmic m6A reader YTH domain family 2 (YTHDF2), thereby blocking the decay of Ddit4 mRNA. Accumulated Ddit4 mRNA levels accelerated its protein translation, and the consequential increased DDIT4 protein abundance promoted the expression of PGC1¦Á, which finally elevated mitochondria biogenesis and slow muscle fiber formation. DHA promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and skeletal muscle fiber remodeling via FTO/m6A/DDIT4/PGC1¦Á signaling, protecting against obesity-induced decline in skeletal muscle function.

BMC Biology published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Related Products of catalysis-chemistry.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Allott, Louis published the artcileDetecting hypoxia in vitro using ¹⁸F-pretargeted IEDDA “click” chemistry in live cells, Related Products of catalysis-chemistry, the publication is RSC Advances (2021), 11(33), 20335-20341, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

We have exemplified a pretargeted approach to interrogate hypoxia in live cells using radioactive bioorthogonal inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) “click” chem. Our novel ¹⁸F-tetrazine probe ([¹⁸F]FB-Tz) and 2-nitroimidazole-based TCO targeting mol. (8) showed statistically significant (P < 0.0001) uptake in hypoxic cells (ca. 90%ID per mg) vs. normoxic cells (<10%ID per mg) in a 60 min incubation of [¹⁸F]FB-Tz. This is the first time that an intracellularly targeted small-mol. for IEDDA “click” has been used in conjunction with a radioactive reporter mol. in live cells and may be a useful tool with far-reaching applicability for a variety of applications.

RSC Advances published new progress about 1466420-02-9. 1466420-02-9 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Copper-Free Click Chemistry,Tetrazine, name is (4-(6-Methyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)phenyl)methanamine trifluoroacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C12H12F3N5O2, Related Products of catalysis-chemistry.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Li, Yong published the artcileThree piperazine compounds as corrosion inhibitors for copper in 0.5 M sulfuric acid medium, SDS of cas: 119-80-2, the publication is Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers (2021), 231-243, database is CAplus.

Searching for and developing green corrosion-resisting drugs plays an significant role in protecting Cu during its pickling treatment. The toxicities and inhibitive performances are closely correlated with their mol. formulas. Therefore, Amoxapine, Loxapine and Clozapine, all of which belong to piperazines, were assessed as inhibitive agents to protect Cu from corrosion in 0.5 M H2SO4 via electrochem. measurements, surface morphologies and theor. calculations According to the electrochem. results, the anti-corrosion efficiencies of AP, LP and CP reached their maximum at 5 mM, namely 94.0, 95.2 and 96.6, resp. They were all proved to be cathodic-type corrosion inhibitors. The morphol. anal. implied the shaping of protective films on Cu surfaces. Moreover, the absorption of AP, LP and CP on Cu surfaces deferred to the Langmuir isotherm model, confirming the anal. of Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR) and XPS. Theor. calculations revealed their adsorption models and anti-corrosive mechanisms. Both experiment and calculation manifested favorable corrosion-proof properties of the three researched drugs. Further anal. also proved the enhanced inhibitive effect of Me that connected with benzene ring owing to its conjugative effect. Furthermore, N atom possessed higher electronegativity and accordingly stronger electron-donating ability compared to O atom. The corrosion-resisting efficiency of Clozapine was 96.6%, being higher than that of Loxapine which was 95.2%.

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers published new progress about 119-80-2. 119-80-2 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class sulfides,Carboxylic acid,Benzene, name is 2,2′-Dithiodibenzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C14H10O4S2, SDS of cas: 119-80-2.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Ni, Xiu-Wen published the artcileA photocontrollable thermosensitive chemical spatiotemporally destabilizes mitochondrial membranes for cell fate manipulation, Application In Synthesis of 71989-31-6, the publication is Biomaterials Science (2022), 10(10), 2550-2556, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Perturbations in mitochondrial membrane stability lead to cytochrome c release and induce caspase-dependent apoptosis. Using synthetic smart chems. with changeable physicochem. properties to interfere the mitochondrial membrane stability has not yet been reported. Here we show that a thermosensitive anchor-polymer-peptide conjugate (anchor-PPC) destabilizes mitochondrial membranes upon in situ mol. changes from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, which consequently induces apoptosis in a spatiotemporally controlled manner and acts as an antitumor pharmaceutical. The anchor-PPC is composed of a thermosensitive copolymer, a photolabile linker, a hydrophilic HIV Tat-derived peptide both for cell penetration and polymer phase transition temperature (Tt) modulation, and an anchor peptide for intercalating into mitochondrial membranes. The photocontrollable anchor-PPC dehydrates and changes from being hydrophilic to hydrophobic upon photoactivation at body temperature This cell-penetrable anchor-PPC specifically targets mitochondria and destabilizes mitochondrial membranes upon irradiation, and consequently initiates apoptosis in cells and a complex 3D tumor model. This study provides the first exptl. evidence that the synthetic smart chem. can spatiotemporally control the stability of organelle membranes based on its in situ physicochem. property change.

Biomaterials Science published new progress about 71989-31-6. 71989-31-6 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Amino acide derivatives,pyrrolidine, name is Fmoc-Pro-OH, and the molecular formula is C20H19NO4, Application In Synthesis of 71989-31-6.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia