Tag: M.W=300-350

Naoum, Johnny N. published the artcileStirring peptide synthesis to a new level of efficiency, Category: catalysis-chemistry, the publication is Organic Process Research & Development (2022), 26(1), 129-136, database is CAplus.

Accelerating solid-phase synthesis is crucial for accessing a large number of peptides in a short time. Since standard peptide synthesis is usually done under poor diffusion conditions with slow or no mixing of the solid support, acceleration of the process is achieved by applying a large excess of reagents. In this work, overhead stirring and heating were combined to provide accelerated solid-phase peptide synthesis without using an excess of reagent. A new setup that allows both heating and fast stirring was designed specifically for research laboratory-scale peptide synthesis. By increasing the diffusion of both reagents and beads in a narrow dimension reactor, solid-phase reactions were done in seconds and medium-size peptides were synthesized in minutes.

Organic Process Research & Development published new progress about 71989-31-6. 71989-31-6 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Amino acide derivatives,pyrrolidine, name is Fmoc-Pro-OH, and the molecular formula is C20H19NO4, Category: catalysis-chemistry.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Zhang, Fa published the artcileA viral insulin-like peptide is a natural competitive antagonist of the human IGF-1 receptor, Related Products of catalysis-chemistry, the publication is Molecular Metabolism (2021), 101316, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Natural sources of mol. diversity remain of utmost importance as a reservoir of proteins and peptides with unique biol. functions. We recently identified such a family of viral insulin-like peptides (VILPs). We sought to advance the chem. methods in synthesis to explore the structure-function relationship within these VILPs, and the mol. basis for differential biol. activities relative to human IGF-1 and insulin.Optimized chem. methods in synthesis were established for a set of VILPs and related analogs. These modified forms included the substitution of select VILP chains with those derived from human insulin and IGF-1. Each peptide was assessed in vitro for agonism and antagonism at the human insulin and the human insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R).We report here that one of these VILPs, lymphocystis disease virus-1 (LCDV1)-VILP, has the unique property to be a potent and full antagonist of the IGF-1R. We demonstrate the coordinated importance of the B- and C-chains of the VILP in regulating this activity. Moreover, mutation of the glycine following the first cysteine in the B-chain of IGF-1 to serine, in concert with substitution to the connecting peptide of LCDV1-VILP, converted native IGF-1 to a high potency antagonist.The results reveal novel aspects in ligand-receptor interactions at the IGF-1 receptor and identify a set of antagonists of potential medicinal importance.

Molecular Metabolism published new progress about 71989-31-6. 71989-31-6 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Amino acide derivatives,pyrrolidine, name is Fmoc-Pro-OH, and the molecular formula is C38H74Cl2N2O4, Related Products of catalysis-chemistry.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Simov, Vladimir published the artcileDiscovery and characterization of novel peptide inhibitors of the NRF2/MAFG/DNA ternary complex for the treatment of cancer, Name: Fmoc-Pro-OH, the publication is European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2021), 113686, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Pathway activating mutations of the transcription factor NRF2 and its neg. regulator KEAP1 are strongly correlative with poor clin. outcome with pemetrexed/carbo(cis)platin/pembrolizumab (PCP) chemo-immunotherapy in lung cancer. Despite the strong genetic support and therapeutic potential for a NRF2 transcriptional inhibitor, currently there are no known direct inhibitors of the NRF2 protein or its complexes with MAF and/or DNA. Herein we describe the design of a novel and high-confidence homol. model to guide a medicinal chem. effort that resulted in the discovery of a series of peptides that demonstrate high affinity, selective binding to the Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) DNA and thereby displace NRF2-MAFG from its promoter, which is an inhibitory mechanism that to our knowledge has not been previously described. In addition to their activity in electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) and TR-FRET-based assays, we show significant dose-dependent ternary complex disruption of NRF2-MAFG binding to DNA by SPR, as well as cellular target engagement by thermal destabilization of HiBiT-tagged NRF2 in the NCI-H1944 NSCLC cell line upon digitonin permeabilization, and SAR studies leading to improved cellular stability. We report the characterization and unique profile of lead peptide (1), [(Ac-DELRAKALHIPFPVEKIINLPVVDFNEMMSKEQFN-EAQLALIRDIRRRGKNKVAAQNSRKRKLENIVELEQDLDHLKDEKEKGGhPraA-GSSG-K(DBCO-Cy5)-CONH₂)-(Ac-NGTSLTDEELVTMSVRELNQHLRGLSKEEIVQLKQRRRTLKNRGYAASSRVKRVTQKEELEKQKAELQQEVEKGGDabA-CONH₂)] which we believe to be a useful in vitro tool to probe NRF2 biol. in cancer cell lines and models, while also serving as an excellent starting point for addnl. in vivo optimization toward inhibition of NRF2-driven transcription to address a significant unmet medical need in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 71989-31-6. 71989-31-6 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Amino acide derivatives,pyrrolidine, name is Fmoc-Pro-OH, and the molecular formula is C26H41N5O7S, Name: Fmoc-Pro-OH.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Farahani, Vahid Jalali published the artcileThe oxidative potential of particulate matter (PM) in different regions around the world and its relation to air pollution sources, Quality Control of 191-07-1, the publication is Environmental Science: Atmospheres, database is CAplus.

In this study, we investigated the impact of urban emission sources on the chem. composition of ambient particulate matter (PM) as well as the associated oxidative potential. We collected six sets of PM samples in five urban location sites around the world over long time periods varying from weeks to months, intentionally selected for their PM to be dominated by unique emission sources: (1) PM_2.5 produced mainly by traffic emissions in central Los Angeles, United States (US); (2) PM_2.5 dominated by biomass burning in Milan, Italy; (3) PM_2.5 formed by secondary photochem. reactions thus dominated by secondary aerosols in Athens, Greece; (4) PM₁₀ emitted by refinery and dust resuspension in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (SA); (5) PM₁₀ generated by dust storms in Riyadh, SA, and (6) PM_2.5 produced mainly by industrial and traffic emissions in Beirut, Lebanon. The PM samples were chem. analyzed and their oxidative potential were quantified by employing the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Our results revealed that the Milan samples were rich in water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and PAHs, even exceeding the levels measured on Los Angeles (LA) freeways. The PM in Athens was characterized by high concentrations of inorganic ions, specifically sulfate which was the highest of all PM samples. The ambient PM in LA was impacted by the traffic-emitted primary organic and elemental carbon. Furthermore, the contribution of metals and elements per mass of PM in Riyadh and Beirut samples were more pronounced relative to other sampling areas. The highest intrinsic PM redox activity was observed for PM with the highest WSOC fraction, including Milan (biomass burning) and Athens (secondary organic aerosols, SOA). PM in areas characterized by high metal emissions including dust events, refinery and industry, such as Riyadh and Beirut, had the lowest oxidative potential as assessed by the DTT assay. The results of this study illustrate the impact of major emission sources in urban areas on the redox activity and oxidative potential of ambient PM, providing useful information for developing efficient air pollution control and mitigation policies in polluted areas around the globe.

Environmental Science: Atmospheres published new progress about 191-07-1. 191-07-1 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Electronic Materials, name is Coronene, and the molecular formula is C24H12, Quality Control of 191-07-1.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Reis, Mariza G. published the artcileComparative evaluation of miniaturized and conventional NIR spectrophotometer for estimation of fatty acids in cheeses, Formula: C22H32O2, the publication is Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy (2022), 121433, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The miniaturization of near-IR spectrometers has been growing rapidly. Several designs are now available, but there is a lack of understanding of how spectral data from these designs are affected by complex matrixes and what are the limitations when compared to established systems. This study compares a popular miniaturized NIR device based on Hadamard-transform spectrometer (named miniaturized NIR) with a system based on dispersive spectrometer (named handheld-NIR) to assess:. (1) Their predictive performance;. (2) The effect of a complex matrix on the performance, and. (3) Ability to discriminate multiples compounds in that matrix. The devices were challenged with a wide range of cheese types (n = 36) from different species (cow, goat, ewe and buffalo), brands (n = 30), countries of origin (n = 9) and with a broad range of cheese matrixes (soft, fresh, semi-hard, hard and aged) to predict fat composition Spectra were collected non-invasively with no sample preparation Three wavelength ranges from handheld NIR were compared to miniaturized NIR based on two modeling approaches were used: a linear (Partial Least Square – PLS) and a non-linear (Support Vector Machine – SVM). The important wavelengths for each model were identified and used to assess the ability of the spectral data to differentiate among fatty acids. The highest prediction performance was observed for saturated fatty acids (C4.0, C14.0, C15.0 C16.0, total SCF and total SFA) with the RPD_EXT-VAL for the external validation dataset presenting values higher than 3 and the coefficient of determination for the external validation dataset (R²_EXT-VAL) higher than 0.89, mostly for SVM models. The sum of fatty acids also shows good prediction performance with RPD_EXT-VAL higher than 3 and R²_EXT-VAL higher than 0.89. Models with RPD_EXT-VAL between 2 and 3 includes: C6.0; C17.0; C18.0; C10.1; C16.1; C17.1; iso.C15.0; iso. C.16; iso.C17; C18.1.c11; C18.1.c9; anteiso C17; total MUFA; and total BCFA. The cheese matrix affected the linearity between spectral data and fatty acids concentration requiring a more complex model (SVM), but this effect was not enhanced by the instrument type. It was shown that the spectral information allows discrimination among fatty acids and this ability was not affected by the type of instrument. These findings demonstrated that the miniaturized NIR can be directly applied to a cheese matrix to monitor fatty acid composition with results equivalent to an optical-based design.

Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Formula: C22H32O2.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Asare-Okai, P. N. published the artcileSite-specific fluorescence labelling of RNA using bio-orthogonal reaction of trans-cyclooctene and tetrazine, SDS of cas: 1466420-02-9, the publication is Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) (2014), 50(58), 7844-7847, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

This communication describes a general approach for site-specific fluorescence labeling of RNA using a cytidine triphosphate (CTP) analog derivatized with a trans-cyclooctene group. The analog was efficiently incorporated into a model RNA strand using in vitro transcription. Bio-orthogonal reaction with fluorescein-labeled tetrazine was utilized to fluorescently tag the synthetic RNA strand.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) published new progress about 1466420-02-9. 1466420-02-9 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Copper-Free Click Chemistry,Tetrazine, name is (4-(6-Methyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)phenyl)methanamine trifluoroacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C12H12F3N5O2, SDS of cas: 1466420-02-9.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Kim, Dong Wook published the artcileA New Class of S_N2 Reactions Catalyzed by Protic Solvents: Facile Fluorination for Isotopic Labeling of Diagnostic Molecules, HPLC of Formula: 17351-62-1, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2006), 128(50), 16394-16397, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Aprotic solvents are usually preferred for the S_N2 reactions, because nucleophilicity and hence S_N2 reactivity are severely retarded by the influence of the partial pos. charge of protic solvents. In this work, we introduce a remarkable effect of using tertiary alcs. as a reaction medium for nucleophilic fluorination with alkali metal fluorides. In this novel synthetic method, the nonpolar protic tert-alc. enhances the nucleophilicity of the fluoride ion dramatically in the absence of any kind of catalyst, greatly increasing the rate of the nucleophilic fluorination and reducing formation of byproducts (such as alkenes, alcs., or ethers) compared with conventional methods using dipolar aprotic solvents. The great efficacy of this method is a particular advantage in labeling radiopharmaceuticals with [¹⁸F]fluorine (t_1/2 = 110 min) for positron emission tomog. (PET) imaging, and it is illustrated by the synthesis of four [¹⁸F]fluoride-radiolabeled mol. imaging probes – [¹⁸F]FDG, [¹⁸F]FLT, [¹⁸F]FP-CIT, and [¹⁸F]FMISO – in high yield and purity and in shorter times compared to conventional syntheses.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 17351-62-1. 17351-62-1 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Amine, name is Tetrabutylammonium hydrogencarbonate, and the molecular formula is C17H37NO3, HPLC of Formula: 17351-62-1.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Adeyemi, Kazeem D. published the artcileGrowth Performance, Carcass Traits, Muscle Fatty Acids, Intramuscular Fat, Cholesterol, and Antioxidant Status in Rabbits Supplemented with Kigelia pinnata Leaf Meal, Quality Control of 6217-54-5, the publication is European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology (2022), 124(8), 2200014, database is CAplus.

The effects of dietary Kigelia pinnata leaf (KPL) on growth, carcass, muscle fatty acids, antioxidant status, cholesterol, physicochem. properties, and sensory profile of Longissimus thoracis et lumburum (LTL) muscle in rabbits are investigated. Seventy-two, 32 d old male New Zealand rabbits (684 ± 18 g) are randomly assigned to diets containing either no KPL (KPL-0), 5% KPL (KPL-5) or 10% KPL (KPL-10) for eight weeks, and euthanized, and the LTL is refrigerated for 6 days. Dietary KPL does not influence growth performance and carcass cuts in rabbits. Abdominal fat is lower in KPL- rabbits than in the KPL-0 rabbits. Supplemented LTL has lower i.m. fat and cholesterol, and higher crude protein, polyphenol content, glutathione reductase, and catalase compared with the control LTL. Concentration of C18:3n-3, C22:6n-3, and C20:5n-3 is higher in supplemented LTL than the control LTL. Supplemented meat has lower cook loss than the KPL-0 meat at 24 h postmortem. The KPL-10 meat has higher redness and lower malondialdehyde content than other meats on d 6 postmortem. Juiciness and overall acceptance of the supplemented meat are higher than that of the KPL-0 meat. Supplementation with KPL-10 enhances muscle n-3 fatty acids, sensorial quality, and oxidative stability of rabbit meat. Rabbit meat is replete in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) but low in n-3 PUFA, which heightens its n-6/n-3 ratio. Higher n-6/n-3 PUFA intake can pose serious health risks to consumers. This suggests a need to ameliorate the n-3 PUFA of rabbit meat. Dietary KPL causes ‘147-184% increase in n-3 PUFA and a 66-77% decrease in n-6/n-3 ratio in rabbit meat. Moreover, KPL improves sensorial quality and oxidative stability and lowers i.m. fat and cholesterol content of rabbit meat. These results support the delivery of a healthier rabbit meat that responds to consumer demands. This study explicates the potential of KPL in ameliorating the nutritional value and sensory quality of rabbit meat.

European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Quality Control of 6217-54-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Quispe, Renato published the artcileControversies in the Use of Omega-3 Fatty Acids to Prevent Atherosclerosis, Related Products of catalysis-chemistry, the publication is Current Atherosclerosis Reports (2022), 24(7), 571-581, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A review. Abstract: Purpose of Review: We discuss current controversies in the clin. use of omega-3 fatty acids (FA), primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and examine discrepancies between recent trials. Furthermore, we discuss potential side effects reported in these studies and the role of mixed omega-3 FA dietary supplements and concerns about their use. Recent Findings: REDUCE-IT showed that addition of icosapent Et, a highly purified form of EPA, can reduce risk of cardiovascular events among statin-treated individuals with high triglycerides. Addnl. supportive evidence for EPA has come from other trials and meta-analyses of omega-3 FA therapy. In contrast, trials of mixed EPA/DHA products have consistently failed to improve cardiovascular outcomes. Discrepancies in results reported in RCTs could be explained by differences in omega-3 FA products, dosing, study populations, and study designs including the placebo control formulation. Evidence obtained from highly purified forms should not be extrapolated to other mixed formulations, including “over-the-counter” omega-3 supplements. Summary: Targeting TG-rich lipoproteins represents a new frontier for mitigating ASCVD risk. Clin. and basic research evidence suggests that the use of omega-3 FA, specifically EPA, appears to slow atherosclerosis by reducing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and/or inflammation, therefore addressing residual risk of clin. ASCVD.

Current Atherosclerosis Reports published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Related Products of catalysis-chemistry.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Sareen, Divya published the artcileHost-guest complexation behavior of emissive calix[3]naphthobipyrrole toward aromatic guests, Recommanded Product: Tetrabutylammonium hydrogencarbonate, the publication is Supramolecular Chemistry (2018), 30(11), 949-954, database is CAplus.

A new hexapyrrolic macrocycle composed of three naphthobipyrrole units has been synthesized which exhibited different emission changes with hydrogen pyrophosphate and benzoate ions. Phosphate ions caused red shifting of the fluorescence band of calixnaphthobipyrrole while benzoate ions resulted in quenching of the same. The fluorescence quenching was further utilized for investigating binding preferences of the probe with neutral aromatic guest mols. substituted with groups having varied electron withdrawing abilities. The extent of quenching with the neutral guests increased with the increasing electron deficiency on the aromatic ring of the guest. The fluorescence quenching has been ascribed to electron transfer from the host to the guest species.

Supramolecular Chemistry published new progress about 17351-62-1. 17351-62-1 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Amine, name is Tetrabutylammonium hydrogencarbonate, and the molecular formula is C17H37NO3, Recommanded Product: Tetrabutylammonium hydrogencarbonate.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia