Catalysis-chemistry

Espinoza, Edgard O’N. published the artcileCharacterization of smokeless gunpowder by means of diphenylamine stabilizer and its nitrated derivatives, Application In Synthesis of 1821-27-8, the publication is Analytica Chimica Acta (1994), 288(1-2), 57-69, database is CAplus.

Smokeless gunpowder frequently contains diphenylamine as a stabilizer. The diphenylamine acts as a nitrate scavenger and in turn is nitrated by complex processes. The various nitrated congeners of diphenylamine, which are numerous, may serve to characterize a sample of gunpowder because these derivatives reflect not only the production of the gunpowder, but also its storage career and thermal history following manufacture These derivatives of diphenylamine may be isolated and identified by means of thin-layer chromatog. and liquid chromatog.

Analytica Chimica Acta published new progress about 1821-27-8. 1821-27-8 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Nitro Compound,Amine,Benzene, name is Bis(4-nitrophenyl)amine, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O4, Application In Synthesis of 1821-27-8.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Le, Le Thi My published the artcileStructures of the human peroxisomal fatty acid transporter ABCD1 in a lipid environment, Name: Docosahexaenoic Acid, the publication is Communications Biology (2022), 5(1), 7, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The peroxisomal very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) transporter ABCD1 is central to fatty acid catabolism and lipid biosynthesis. Its dysfunction underlies toxic cytosolic accumulation of VLCFAs, progressive demyelination, and neurol. impairments including X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD). We present cryo-EM structures of ABCD1 in phospholipid nanodiscs in a nucleotide bound conformation open to the peroxisomal lumen and an inward facing conformation open to the cytosol at up to 3.5 ? resolution, revealing details of its transmembrane cavity and ATP dependent conformational spectrum. We identify features distinguishing ABCD1 from its closest homologs and show that CoA (CoA) esters of VLCFAs modulate ABCD1 activity in a species dependent manner. Our data suggest a transport mechanism where the CoA moieties of VLCFA-CoAs enter the hydrophilic transmembrane domain while the acyl chains extend out into the surrounding membrane bilayer. The structures help rationalize disease causing mutations and may aid ABCD1 targeted structure-based drug design.

Communications Biology published new progress about 6217-54-5. 6217-54-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Metabolic Enzyme,RAR/RXR,Natural product, name is Docosahexaenoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C22H32O2, Name: Docosahexaenoic Acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Weiss, Karl Heinz published the artcileComparison of the Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Trientine Tetrahydrochloride and Trientine Dihydrochloride in Healthy Subjects, Recommanded Product: N1,N1′-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(ethane-1,2-diamine) dihydrochloride, the publication is European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (2021), 46(5), 665-675, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of copper metabolism Chelation of excessive copper is recommended but data on the pharmacokinetics of trientine are limited. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of a new trientine tetrahydrochloride formulation (TETA 4HCl) with those of an established trientine dihydrochloride (TETA 2HCl) salt. A randomised single-center crossover study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of two different oral formulations of trientine (TETA 4HCl tablets vs TETA 2HCl capsules) in 23 healthy adult subjects receiving a single dose equivalent to 600 mg of trientine base was performed. Following oral administration, the median time to reach maximum plasma concentration (T_max) was 2.00 h (TETA 4HCl) and 3.00 h (TETA 2HCl). The rate (maximum plasma concentration [C_max]) and extent (area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity [AUC_0-¡Þ]) of absorption of the active moiety, trientine, were greater (by approx. 68% and 56%, resp.) for TETA 4HCl than for the TETA 2HCl formulation. The two formulations presented a similar terminal elimination rate (¦Ë_z) and a similar terminal half-life (t_1/2) for trientine. Differences between TETA 4HCl and TETA 2HCl in the levels of the two main mono- and diacetylated metabolites were less than seen for trientine. For both tested formulations, healthy male volunteers demonstrated higher trientine plasma levels but lower mono- and diacetylated metabolite levels compared with females, with no sex differences in terminal half-life (t_1/2) observed Single oral doses of both formulations were safe and well tolerated. Compared with an identical dose of a TETA 2HCl formulation, the TETA 4HCl formulation provided more rapid absorption of trientine and greater systemic exposure in healthy subjects.

European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics published new progress about 38260-01-4. 38260-01-4 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Chelating Agents, name is N1,N1′-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(ethane-1,2-diamine) dihydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C8H6ClNO, Recommanded Product: N1,N1′-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(ethane-1,2-diamine) dihydrochloride.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Patil, Nitin A. published the artcileAn efficient approach for the design and synthesis of antimicrobial peptide-peptide nucleic acid conjugates, Synthetic Route of 71989-31-6, the publication is Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) (2022), 843163, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Peptide-Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) conjugates targeting essential bacterial genes have shown significant potential in developing novel antisense antimicrobials. The majority of efforts in this area are focused on identifying different PNA targets and the selection of peptides to deliver the peptide-PNA conjugates to Gram-neg. bacteria. Notably, the selection of a linkage strategy to form peptide-PNA conjugate plays an important role in the effective delivery of PNAs. Recently, a unique Cysteine- 2-Cyanoisonicotinamide (Cys- CINA) click chem. has been employed for the synthesis of cyclic peptides. Considering the high selectivity of this chem., we investigated the efficiency of Cys-CINA conjugation to synthesize novel antimicrobial peptide-PNA conjugates. The PNA targeting acyl carrier protein gene (acpP), when conjugated to the membrane-active antimicrobial peptides (polymyxin), showed improvement in antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-neg. Acinetobacter baumannii. Thus, indicating that the Cys-CINA conjugation is an effective strategy to link the antisense oligonucleotides with antimicrobial peptides. Therefore, the Cys-CINA conjugation opens an exciting prospect for antimicrobial drug development.

Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) published new progress about 71989-31-6. 71989-31-6 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Amino acide derivatives,pyrrolidine, name is Fmoc-Pro-OH, and the molecular formula is C20H19NO4, Synthetic Route of 71989-31-6.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Koculi, Eda published the artcileCounterion Charge Density Determines the Position and Plasticity of RNA Folding Transition States, Computed Properties of 10517-44-9, the publication is Journal of Molecular Biology (2006), 359(2), 446-454, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The self-assembly of RNA structure depends on the interactions of counterions with the RNA and with each other. Comparison of various polyamines showed that the tertiary structure of the Tetrahymena ribozyme is more stable when the counterions are small and highly charged. By monitoring the folding kinetics of the ribozyme as a function of polyamine concentration, we now find that the charge d. of the counterions determines the positions of the folding transition states. The transition state ensemble (TSE) between U and N moves away from the native state as the counterion valence and charge d. increase, as predicted by the Hammond postulate. The TSE is broader and less structured when the RNA is refolded in polyamines rather than Mg²⁺. That the charge d. of the counterions determines the plasticity of the TSE demonstrates the importance of interactions among condensed counterions for the self-assembly of RNA structures. We propose that the major barrier to RNA folding is dominated by entropy changes when counterion charge d. is low and enthalpy differences when it is high.

Journal of Molecular Biology published new progress about 10517-44-9. 10517-44-9 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, name is Propane-1,3-diamine dihydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C3H12Cl2N2, Computed Properties of 10517-44-9.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Beger, J. published the artcilePolyfunctional N-substituted surfactants. I. Nucleophilic substitutions with bis(chloronitroso) compounds. 2. Reactions with thiourea, substituted thioureas, salts and esters of dithiocarbamic acid, and mercaptoheterocyclic compounds, Name: 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, the publication is Journal fuer Praktische Chemie (Leipzig) (1979), 321(2), 249-59, database is CAplus.

Reaction of ONCHR¹CHClR² [I; R¹ = H, Me; R² = Me, C₁₁H₂₃, Ph; R¹R² = (CH₂)_n (n = 4, 6, 10), etc.] with R³R⁴NCSNH₂ (R³ = H, Me; R⁴ = H, Me, allyl, etc.) gave the thiazoles II via R³R⁴NC(:NH)SCHR²CR¹:NOH, whereas reaction of I [R¹R² = (CH₂)₄] with (PhNH)₂CS gave III. H₂NCS₂^–NH₄⁺ reacted with I to give 4-thiazoline-2-thiones, and esters of dithiocarbamic acids gave 2-(alkylthio)thiazoles. Reaction of I with mercapto heterocycles gave IV (R⁵ = 2-benzoxazolyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 1,2,4-thiazol-3-yl; m = 1, 4, 8).

Journal fuer Praktische Chemie (Leipzig) published new progress about 6972-05-0. 6972-05-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Thiourea,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, and the molecular formula is C3H8N2S, Name: 1,1-Dimethylthiourea.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Stavropoulou, Anastasia P. published the artcileBimetallic gold-platinum nanoparticles as a drug delivery system coated with a new drug to target glioblastoma, HPLC of Formula: 13822-56-5, the publication is Colloids and Surfaces, B: Biointerfaces (2022), 112463, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A drug delivery nanosystem of noble bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) which consists of Au NPs capped with Pt NPs (Au@Pt NPs) is constructed and functionalised with a quinazoline based small mol. (Au@Pt@Q NPs), acting as a theranostic agent against glioblastoma. Two different hydrothermal synthetic procedures for bimetallic Au@Pt NPs are presented and the resulting nanostructures are fully characterised by means of spectroscopic and microscopic methods. The imaging and targeting capacity of the new drug delivery system is assessed through fluorescent optical microscopy and cytotoxicity evaluations. The constructed Au@Pt NPs consist a monodispersed colloidal solution of 25 nm with photoluminescent, fluorescent and X-Ray absorption properties that confirm their diagnostic potential. Haemolysis testing demonstrated that Au@Pt NPs are biocompatible and fluorescent microscopy confirmed their entering the cells. Cytol. evaluation of the NPs through MTT assay showed that they do not inhibit the proliferation of control cell line HEK293, whereas they are toxic in U87MG, U251 and D54 glioblastoma cell lines; rendering them selective targeting agents for treating glioblastoma.

Colloids and Surfaces, B: Biointerfaces published new progress about 13822-56-5. 13822-56-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Organic Silicones, name is 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine, and the molecular formula is C3H5BN2O2, HPLC of Formula: 13822-56-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Frohn, Hermann-Josef published the artcileC₆F₅XeF, a versatile starting material in xenon-carbon chemistry, Synthetic Route of 1206-46-8, the publication is Journal of Fluorine Chemistry (2004), 125(6), 981-988, database is CAplus.

Arylxenon fluorides undergo substitution reactions to give sym. and asym. diarylxenons. The mols. Ar^FXeF (Ar^F = C₆F₅, 2,4,6-C₆H₂F₃) with a more polar Xe-F bond than XeF₂ are versatile starting materials for substitution reactions. Reaction of C₆F₅XeF (1) with Ar^F₂Cd gave C₆F₅XeAr^F (2, 4), which, in case of Ar^F = 2,4,6-C₆H₂F₃, upon symmetrization gave (2,4,6-C₆H₂F₃)₂Xe (5), the same result was obtained by reaction of 1 with C₆F₅SiF₃. Applying C₆F₅BF₂, with a higher F^–-affinity than the corresponding aryltrifluorosilane, in contrast gave the salt [C₆F₅Xe][Ar^FBF₃]. Using the alkenyl and alkyl compounds CF₂:CFSiMe₃/[F]^–, CF₃SiMe₃/[F]^–, and Cd(CF₃)₂ in reactions with C₆F₅XeF, the perfluoroalkenyl or -alkyl transfer reagents were consumed without formation of corresponding xenon derivatives The formation of Xe(C₆F₅)₂ in these reactions suggests the symmetrization of the corresponding vinylxenon intermediate; the unstable aryl-trifluoromethyl xenon afforded octafluorotoluene as coupling product.

Journal of Fluorine Chemistry published new progress about 1206-46-8. 1206-46-8 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Organic Silicones, name is Trimethyl(perfluorophenyl)silane, and the molecular formula is C9H9F5Si, Synthetic Route of 1206-46-8.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Azeredo, Juliano Braun published the artcilePolysorbate 80/UHP as a recyclable, bio-degradable and metal-free safer system for the fast oxidation of thiols, Formula: C14H10O4S2, the publication is Tetrahedron Letters (2022), 153883, database is CAplus.

Herein, an efficient, fast, mild and sustainable protocol for the oxidation of thiols using urea hydrogen peroxide (UHP) to give the corresponding disulfides RSSR¹ [R = R¹ = Ph, 4-ClC₆H₄, 2-pyridyl, etc.] in good to excellent yields. The methodol. used polysorbate 80 as a greener solvent and catalyst which was, for the first time, recovered from the reaction medium and reused.

Tetrahedron Letters published new progress about 119-80-2. 119-80-2 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class sulfides,Carboxylic acid,Benzene, name is 2,2′-Dithiodibenzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C14H10O4S2, Formula: C14H10O4S2.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Pengsook, Anchulee published the artcileInsecticidal and growth inhibitory effects of some thymol derivatives on the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their impact on detoxification enzymes, Computed Properties of 104-03-0, the publication is Pest Management Science (2022), 78(2), 684-691, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Thymol is a known natural product with insecticidal activity against several insect species. A recent study on structural modifications of thymol to thymyl esters and their efficacy against Spodoptera litura suggested that such an approach could develop generalized novel insecticides/insect growth inhibitors and requires further studies to establish the efficacy against lepidopterans. Thymol and structurally modified eight esters were evaluated against beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua using the topical application. Thymyl butanoate was the most toxic compound with a median LD (LD50) of 2.33 and 1.62 ¦Ìg/larva after 24 and 48 h posttreatment, resp. All thymyl esters were potentially better than the parent compound thymol, except thymyl dibromoacetate, in their efficacy against Spodoptera exigua. Essentially, there were three levels of activity vis-a-vis the compounds used, i.e., with the LD50 range of 1.5 to 5.0, 7.0 to 15.0, and > 20 ¦Ìg/larva, resp. Ovicidal activity and reduction in larval growth were also determined by treating third instars at sub-LDs, i.e., LD50 doses of second instars. Thymyl butanoate treated larva inhibited glutathione S-transferase, carboxylesterase, and acetylcholinesterase activities, whereas the other thymyl esters induced these enzymes. Thymyl butanoate exhibited higher toxicity against Spodoptera exigua and is the first to report about 15.5x more toxicity than thymol and > 6.5x than thymyl cinnamate, which suggests that the efficacy was species-specific vs. the chem. structural variation of the esters.

Pest Management Science published new progress about 104-03-0. 104-03-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Nitro Compound,Carboxylic acid,Benzene, name is 4-Nitrophenylacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H7NO4, Computed Properties of 104-03-0.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia