Catalysis-chemistry

Fernandez, Sergio published the artcileA Unified Electro- and Photocatalytic CO₂ to CO Reduction Mechanism with Aminopyridine Cobalt Complexes, Recommanded Product: Tetrabutylammonium hydrogencarbonate, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2020), 142(1), 120-133, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A mechanistic understanding of electro- and photocatalytic CO₂ reduction is crucial to develop strategies to overcome catalytic bottlenecks. In this regard, for a new CO₂-to-CO reduction cobalt aminopyridine catalyst, a detailed exptl. and theor. mechanistic study is herein presented toward the identification of bottlenecks and potential strategies to alleviate them. The combination of electrochem. and in situ spectroelectrochem. together with spectroscopic techniques led us to identify elusive key electrocatalytic intermediates derived from complex [L^N4Co(OTf)₂] (1) (L^N4 = 1-[2-pyridylmethyl]-4,7-dimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) such as a highly reactive cobalt(I) (1^(I)) and a cobalt(I) carbonyl (1^(I)-CO) species. The combination of spectroelectrochem. studies under CO₂, ¹³CO₂, and CO with DFT disclosed that 1^(I) reacts with CO₂ to form the pivotal 1^(I)-CO intermediate at the 1^(II/I) redox potential. However, at this reduction potential, the formation of 1^(I)-CO restricts the electrocatalysis due to the endergonicity of the CO release step. In agreement with the exptl. observed CO₂-to-CO electrocatalysis at the Co^I/0 redox potential, computational studies suggested that the electrocatalytic cycle involves striking metal carbonyls. In contrast, under photochem. conditions, the catalysis smoothly proceeds at the 1^(II/I) redox potential. Under the latter conditions, it is proposed that the electron transfer to form 1^(I)-CO from 1^(II)-CO is under diffusion control. Then, the CO release from 1^(II)-CO is kinetically favored, facilitating the catalysis. Finally, we have found that visible-light irradiation has a pos. impact under electrocatalytic conditions. We envision that light irradiation can serve as an effective strategy to circumvent the CO poisoning and improve the performance of CO₂ reduction mol. catalysts.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 17351-62-1. 17351-62-1 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Amine, name is Tetrabutylammonium hydrogencarbonate, and the molecular formula is C17H37NO3, Recommanded Product: Tetrabutylammonium hydrogencarbonate.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Narotsky, Michael G. published the artcileDevelopmental toxicity and structure-activity relationships of aliphatic acids, including dose-response assessment of valproic acid in mice and rats, Quality Control of 3115-28-4, the publication is Fundamental and Applied Toxicology (1994), 22(2), 251-65, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The anticonvulsant valproic acid (VPA), or 2-propylpentanoic acid, is a short-chain aliphatic acid that is teratogenic in humans and rodents. VPA and 14 related chems. were screened for developmental toxicity using the Chernoff/Kavlock assay. Test agents, in corn oil, were administered by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats once daily during organogenesis. The dams were allowed to deliver and the pups were examined postnatally. Segment II studies were also conducted using VPA and pentanoic acid in rats and with VPA in CD-1 mice. In both mice and rats, VPA caused transient maternal ataxia and developmental defects of the digits and, especially, the axial skeleton. Exencephaly, however, was seen only in mice. The screening protocol was effective in prioritizing agents within this class of compounds for more definitive developmental toxicity testing. All congeners tested induced maternal respiratory effects and six compounds caused motor depression. Only 2-ethylhexanoic (2EH) and 2-propylhexanoic (2PH) acid caused dramatic VPA-like effects on rat development (including mortality, extra presacral vertebrae, fused ribs, and delayed parturition), confirming the strict structural requirements for developmental toxicity previously reported for acute exposure in mice. The incorporation of skeletal examinations in the Chernoff/Kavlock assay enabled the detection of the sole developmental effect (increased incidence of lumbar ribs) of 2-butylhexanoic acid. VPA, 2EH, and 2PH were among the compounds that caused maternal motor depression. These data, consistent with previous reports, indicate a broader specificity for activity in the adult nervous system than that in the developing system and suggest differing mechanisms for the two effects.

Fundamental and Applied Toxicology published new progress about 3115-28-4. 3115-28-4 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is 2-Butylhexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C10H20O2, Quality Control of 3115-28-4.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Nunes, Vanessa O. published the artcileChemical characterisation of sugarcane bagasse bio-oils from hydrothermal liquefaction: Effect of reaction conditions on products distribution and composition, SDS of cas: 2051-95-8, the publication is Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering (2021), 9(6), 106513, database is CAplus.

The effects of temperature, residence time, catalyst use, and recycling on the composition of bio-oil as a result of the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of sugarcane bagasse were investigated via comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatog. with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (Orbitrap HRMS) with electrospray ionisation (ESI). HTL bio-oils from sugarcane bagasse contain linear and branched aliphatics, aromatics, phenolic derivatives, carboxylic acids, esters, and other heterocyclic oxygen-containing compounds The HHV from the HTL bio-oils are between 19.0 and 21.2 MJ/kg, lower than HHV of petroleum fuels. The operational parameters had different influences on the degrees of the decarboxylation and dehydration reactions. The processed water reuse has been shown to benefit deoxygenation and promoted decarboxylation reactions, while the residence time had less influence. The phenolic compounds formation was favored by the increase in temperature and the use of catalysts, and ketone and furan concentration showed opposite results. Higher temperature and catalyst use also increased the number of detectable polar compounds with high mol. weights

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering published new progress about 2051-95-8. 2051-95-8 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Ketone, name is 3-Benzoylpropionicacid, and the molecular formula is C10H10O3, SDS of cas: 2051-95-8.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Bottino, Francesco published the artcileMass spectral behavior of some m-dimethoxybenzene and sym-trimethoxybenzene sulfur derivatives, Quality Control of 77189-99-2, the publication is Organic Mass Spectrometry (1981), 16(7), 289-93, database is CAplus.

Mass spectra were recorded for the title compounds I (R = H, OMe; R¹ = H, Cl), II (n = 1, 2; R = H, OMe; R¹ = H, Cl) and II (n = 3; R = H, R¹ = Cl; R = OMe, R¹ = H, Cl), and the main fragmentation paths elucidated. The primary skeletal rearrangement of the mol. ions occurring in S-bridged compounds is a sensitive diagnostic tool in both structure elucidation and in locating OMe substituents.

Organic Mass Spectrometry published new progress about 77189-99-2. 77189-99-2 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Thiophenol,Benzene,Ether, name is 2,4,6-Trimethoxybenzenethiol, and the molecular formula is C9H12O3S, Quality Control of 77189-99-2.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Bottino, Francesco published the artcileConvenient synthesis of unsymmetrical aryl sulfides, Quality Control of 77189-99-2, the publication is Journal of Organic Chemistry (1981), 46(13), 2793-5, database is CAplus.

A simple procedure to prepare a variety of largely unknown unsym. substituted di-Ph sulfides in high yield, by coupling equimolar amounts of arenesulfenyl chlorides with appropriate aromatic substrates in EtNO₂, is reported. Furthermore, a suitable synthetic route for introducing under mild conditions the mercaptide group into strongly activated substrates is described. Thiophenols I (R¹ = H, Cl) were prepared in good yields via a 2-step synthesis by Fe-catalyzed sulfuration of benzenes II with S₂Cl₂ in CS₂ to give polysulfides III (R¹ = H, x = 3; R¹ = Cl, x = 2), which were reduced with Zn and HCl in C₆H₆.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 77189-99-2. 77189-99-2 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Thiophenol,Benzene,Ether, name is 2,4,6-Trimethoxybenzenethiol, and the molecular formula is C9H12O3S, Quality Control of 77189-99-2.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Jemielity, Jacek published the artcileNovel “anti-reverse” cap analogs with superior translational properties, HPLC of Formula: 17351-61-0, the publication is RNA (2003), 9(9), 1108-1122, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Synthetic analogs of the 5′-terminal caps of eukaryotic mRNAs and snRNAs are used in elucidating such physiol. processes as mRNA translation, pre-mRNA splicing, intracellular transport of mRNA and snRNAs, and mRNA turnover. Particularly useful are RNAs capped with synthetic analogs, which are produced by in vitro transcription of a DNA template using a bacteriophage RNA polymerase in the presence of ribonucleoside triphosphates and a cap dinucleotide such as m⁷Gp₃G. Unfortunately, because of the presence of a 3′-OH on both the m⁷Guo and Guo moieties, up to half of the mRNAs contain caps incorporated in the reverse orientation. Previously we designed and synthesized two “anti-reverse” cap analogs (ARCAs), m⁷3’dGp₃G and m₂^7,3′-OGp₃G, that cannot be incorporated in the reverse orientation because of modifications at the C3′ position of m⁷Guo. In the present study, we have synthesized seven new cap analogs modified in the C2′ and C3′ positions of m⁷Guo and in the number of phosphate residues, m₂^7,2′-OGp₃G, m⁷2’dGp₃G, m⁷2’dGp₄G, m₂^7,2′-OGp₄G, m₂^7,3′-OGp₄G, m⁷Gp₅G, and m₂^7,3′-OGp₅G. These were analyzed for conformation in solution, binding affinity to eIF4E, inhibition of in vitro translation, degree of reverse capping during in vitro transcription, capping efficiency, and the ability to stimulate cap-dependent translation in vitro when incorporated into mRNA. The results indicate that modifications at C2′, like those at C3′, prevent reverse incorporation, that tetra- and pentaphosphate cap analogs bind eIF4E and inhibit translation more strongly than their triphosphate counterparts, and that tetraphosphate ARCAs promote cap-dependent translation more effectively than previous cap analogs.

RNA published new progress about 17351-61-0. 17351-61-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Phase Transfer Catalyst, name is Tetraethylammonium hydrogencarbonate, and the molecular formula is C9H21NO3, HPLC of Formula: 17351-61-0.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Scarselli, V. published the artcileAnticholesterolemic activity of synthetic compounds, Quality Control of 1949-41-3, the publication is Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica (1961), 23-31, database is CAplus.

cf. Canonica, et al., CA 54, 1404b. Toxicity and inhibitory influence of 31 substituted phenyl derivatives of butyric, isovaleric, valeric, geranic, and mevalonic acid on the hypercholesterolemic effect arising from intraperitoneal injections of Triton were studied. Activity is shown by 2-methyl-4-phenyl-, 3-benzylidene-, and 2-benzylbutyric acid, 2-phenyldimethylacrylic acid, 2-phenylisovaleric, and 3-phenylvaleric acid.

Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica published new progress about 1949-41-3. 1949-41-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Carboxylic acid,Benzene, name is 2-Methyl-4-phenylbutanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C11H14O2, Quality Control of 1949-41-3.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Rao, K. Hanumantha published the artcileSolution chemistry of mixed cationic/anionic collectors and flotation separation of feldspar from quartz, HPLC of Formula: 2016-56-0, the publication is Publications of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (1993), 3/93(XVIII International Mineral Processing Congress), 837-44, database is CAplus.

The behavior of cationic and anionic collector mixtures in the feldspar-quartz flotation system was studied through conductivity, surface tension, zeta-potential, and flotation studies. The results show the formation of mol. complexes between oppositely charged collector ions through charge neutralization. The mol. complexes have a higher surface activity than the individual components. The mole ratio of the mixed composition has a significant effect on flotation. Use of collector mixtures with a mole ratio <1 (anionic/cationic) increases the flotation recoveries. If the mole fraction of the anionic collector is greater than the mole fraction of the cationic collector in a mixed composition, flotation ceases. The flotation selectivity principally depends on the inherent differences in the surface charges of feldspar and quartz at flotation pH ¡Ü2. The zeta-potential and flotation results are discussed in terms of the adsorption behavior of mixed collectors on these minerals.

Publications of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy published new progress about 2016-56-0. 2016-56-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Active Esterification, name is Dodecylamineacetate, and the molecular formula is C14H31NO2, HPLC of Formula: 2016-56-0.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Hanumantha Rao, K. published the artcileSolution chemistry of mixed cationic/anionic collectors and flotation separation of feldspar from quartz, Safety of Dodecylamineacetate, the publication is Mines & Carrieres: Les Techniques (1994), 66-71, database is CAplus.

The behavior of cationic and anionic collector mixtures in the feldspar-quartz flotation system has been investigated through conductivity, surface tension, zeta-potential and flotation studies. The results show the formation of mol. complexes between oppositely charged collector ions through charge neutralization. The mol. complexes are found to have a higher surface activity than the individual components. The mole ratio of the mixed composition is found to have a significant effect on flotation. Mole ratio less than unity (anionic/cationic) of collector mixtures increases the flotation recoveries. If the mole fraction of the anionic collector is greater than the mole fraction of cationic collector in a mixed composition, flotation ceases. The flotation selectivity principally depends on the inherent differences in the surface charges of feldspar and quartz at the flotation pH values of ¡Ü2. The zeta-potential and flotation results are discussed in terms of the adsorption behavior of mixed collectors on these minerals.

Mines & Carrieres: Les Techniques published new progress about 2016-56-0. 2016-56-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Active Esterification, name is Dodecylamineacetate, and the molecular formula is C14H31NO2, Safety of Dodecylamineacetate.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Gillon, David W. published the artcileN,N-Disubstituted 2-aminothiazole-5-carboxaldehydes: preparation and investigation of structural features, SDS of cas: 6972-05-0, the publication is Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) (1983), 341-7, database is CAplus.

N,N-Disubstituted 2-aminothiazoles were prepared and converted into the corresponding 5-carboxaldehydes by Vilsmeier formylation. The aldehydes were studied by IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The aldehyde group adopts the carbonyl O,S-syn conformation. With N,N-di-Me and N-benzyl-N-Me compounds the barrier to rotation of the amine group is 50-55 kJ/mol and is insensitive to the nature of the 4-substituent. The amine group of the N-methyl-N-Ph compounds has a marked preference for one orientation. Thus, x-ray crystallog. anal. of triazole I showed the Ph group to be directed towards the S of the thiazole ring. The results of the phys. methods overlap in establishing the importance of a mesomeric interaction between the functional groups of 2-aminothiazole-5-carboxaldehydes.

Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) published new progress about 6972-05-0. 6972-05-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Thiourea,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, and the molecular formula is C3H8N2S, SDS of cas: 6972-05-0.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia