Catalysis-chemistry

Wang, Jiaxing published the artcileIn vitro and in vivo evaluation of benzathine foscarnet microcrystals as a potential intravitreal drug depot, Recommanded Product: N1,N2-Dibenzylethane-1,2-diamine, the publication is RSC Advances (2019), 9(37), 21318-21322, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Sodium foscarnet is an antiviral drug against cytomegalovirus retinitis, and clin. it is used via frequent intravitreal injection which causes various ocular complications. Here we propose to use benzathine foscarnet in a new salt form with much lower aqueous solubility, and as a potential long-acting intravitreally injectable solid form for foscarnet. Benzathine foscarnet (1 : 1) microcrystals were synthesized and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The aqueous solubility of benzathine foscarnet was 14.2 mM, which is in between those of the currently-used sodium foscarnet and our previously-reported calcium foscarnet salt. In a rabbit model, the injected microcrystals last for about 3 wk in the vitreous, suggesting its solubility and dissolution profile is appropriate for its intended use. However, the injected benzathine foscarnet microcrystals also caused adverse effects in vivo.

RSC Advances published new progress about 140-28-3. 140-28-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Benzenes, name is N1,N2-Dibenzylethane-1,2-diamine, and the molecular formula is C25H47NO8, Recommanded Product: N1,N2-Dibenzylethane-1,2-diamine.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Wu, Yongjun published the artcileMulti-omics analyses of the mechanism for the formation of soy sauce-like and soybean flavor in Bacillus subtilis BJ3-2, Computed Properties of 63-68-3, the publication is BMC Microbiology (2022), 22(1), 142, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Although soy sauce-like flavor and soybean flavor are two key contributors to the flavor of fermented foods, the key compounds of soy sauce-like flavor and soybean flavor and production mechanisms are still poorly understood and need further investigation. In the present study, we found that the Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) BJ3-2 strain has various metabolic properties at different temperatures, and the strain cultured at 37¡ãC increased the soybean flavor (a special flavor of ammonia-containing smelly distinct from natto) compared with culturing at 45¡ãC and 53¡ãC. Interestingly, the strain cultured at 45¡ãC and 53¡ãC had a higher soy sauce-like flavor than that in 37¡ãC. Moreover, a comparative transcriptome anal. of the strain cultured at 37¡ãC, 45¡ãC, and 53¡ãC showed transcriptional changes related to secondary metabolites and ABC transporters, which is critical for the amino acid transport and metabolism in B. subtilis. Meanwhile, proteomics and metabolomics profiling showed a marked change in amino acids transport and metabolism In addition, the metabolic anal. revealed a significant metabolic difference (including sulfur metabolism, glutathione metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism) in the strain cultured at 45¡ãC and 53¡ãC compared to 37¡ãC. To sum, this study used the multi-omics profiling tool to investigate the fermentative strains B. subtilis BJ3-2, thus providing a deeper insight into the mechanism of the formation of soy sauce-like flavor and soybean flavor compounds

BMC Microbiology published new progress about 63-68-3. 63-68-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Natural product, name is (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C3H5F3O, Computed Properties of 63-68-3.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Sakuma, Shinji published the artcileEffect of administration site in the gastrointestinal tract on bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs taken after a meal, Synthetic Route of 38260-01-4, the publication is Journal of Controlled Release (2007), 118(1), 59-64, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Food-drug interactions may reduce the bioavailability of drugs taken after meals (neg. food effect). In order to develop pharmaceutical technologies that overcome this problem, the effect of administration site within the gastrointestinal tract on the bioavailability of several model drugs was examined in rats. Bioavailability after oral administration to fed animals was one-fifth to one-tenth of that in the fasted animals because of interactions between drugs and large amounts of food components remaining in the stomach. This strong neg. food effect was reduced when drugs were administered directly into any site of the small intestine. Bioavailability was maximized when the drug administration site was the middle small intestine. On the other hand, intracolonic administration did not result in the reduction of the neg. food effect. Site-specific drug delivery to the middle small intestine could be a useful approach for reducing the neg. food effect on drug absorption with maximized bioavailability.

Journal of Controlled Release published new progress about 38260-01-4. 38260-01-4 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Chelating Agents, name is N1,N1′-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(ethane-1,2-diamine) dihydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C6H20Cl2N4, Synthetic Route of 38260-01-4.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Athavan, Gayathri published the artcileDirect Evidence for Competitive C-H Activation by a Well-Defined Silver XPhos Complex in Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization, Application In Synthesis of 1206-46-8, the publication is Organometallics, database is CAplus.

Increasing evidence indicates that Ag salts can play a role in the C-H activation step of Pd-catalyzed C-H functionalization. Here the authors isolate a Ag(I) complex by C-H bond activation and demonstrate its catalytic competence for C-H functionalization. Ag carbonate, a common but highly insoluble additive, reacts with pentafluorobenzene in the presence of a bulky phosphine, XPhos, to form the C-H bond activation product Ag(C₆F₅)(XPhos). By isolating and fully characterizing this complex and the related carbonate and iodide complexes, [Ag(XPhos)]₂(¦Ì-¦Ê²,¦Ê²-CO₃) and [AgI(XPhos)]₂, well-defined Ag(I) complexes can operate in conjunction with Pd complexes to achieve C-H functionalization even at ambient temperature Reactions are tested against the standard cross-coupling of C₆F₅H with 4-iodotoluene, catalyzed by Pd acetate at 60¡ã in the presence of Ag carbonate and Xphos. Key observations are that (a) PdIPh(XPhos) reacts stoichiometrically with Ag(C₆F₅)(XPhos) to form Ph-C₆F₅ instantly at room temperature; (b) catalytic cross coupling can be achieved using 5% Ag(C₆F₅)(XPhos) as the sole Ag source; and (c) Pd acetate (typical precatalyst) can be replaced for catalytic cross coupling by the expected oxidative addition compound PdIPh(XPhos). These studies lead to a catalytic cycle in which Ag(I) plays the C-H bond activation role and Pd plays the coupling role. Also, the phosphine can be exchanged between Ag complexes, ensuring that it is recycled even though Ag carbonate is consumed during catalytic cross-coupling.

Organometallics published new progress about 1206-46-8. 1206-46-8 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Organic Silicones, name is Trimethyl(perfluorophenyl)silane, and the molecular formula is C9H9F5Si, Application In Synthesis of 1206-46-8.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Islam, Jahidul published the artcileDevelopment of a rational framework for the therapeutic efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation for calf diarrhea treatment, HPLC of Formula: 63-68-3, the publication is Microbiome (2022), 10(1), 31, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Establishing fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to prevent multifactorial diarrhea in calves is challenging because of the differences in farm management practices, the lack of optimal donors, and recipient selection. In this study, the underlying factors of successful and unsuccessful FMT treatment cases are elucidated, and the potential markers for predicting successful FMT are identified using fecal metagenomics via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, fecal metabolomics via capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and machine learning approaches. Specifically, 20 FMT treatment cases, in which feces from healthy donors were intrarectally transferred into recipient diarrheal calves, were conducted with a success rate of 70%. Selenomonas was identified as a microorganism genus that showed significant donor-recipient compatibility in successful FMT treatments. A strong pos. correlation between the microbiome and metabolome data, which is a prerequisite factor for FMT success, was confirmed by Procrustes anal. in successful FMT (r = 0.7439, P = 0.0001). Addnl., weighted gene correlation network anal. confirmed the pos. or neg. correlated pairs of bacterial taxa (family Veillonellaceae) and metabolomic features (i.e., amino acids and short-chain fatty acids) responsible for FMT success. Further anal. aimed at establishing criteria for donor selection identified the genus Sporobacter as a potential biomarker in successful donor selection. Low levels of metabolites, such as glycerol 3-phosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, and isoamylamine, in the donor or recipients prior to FMT, are predicted to facilitate FMT. Overall, we provide the first substantial evidence of the factors related to FMT success or failure; these findings could improve the design of future microbial therapeutics for treating diarrhea in calves.

Microbiome published new progress about 63-68-3. 63-68-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Natural product, name is (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C5H11NO2S, HPLC of Formula: 63-68-3.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Ohki, Yasuhiro published the artcileFormation of a Nitrogenase P-cluster [Fe₈S₇] Core via Reductive Fusion of Two All-Ferric [Fe₄S₄] Clusters, Recommanded Product: 2,4,6-Triisopropylbenzenethiol, the publication is Chemistry – An Asian Journal (2012), 7(10), 2222-2224, S2222/1-S2222/9, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The nitrogenase P-cluster [Fe₈S₇] core can be formed from the reductive fusion of all-ferric [Fe₄S₄] clusters via phosphine desulfurization. The mol. structures of the two [Fe₈S₇] clusters were determined

Chemistry – An Asian Journal published new progress about 22693-41-0. 22693-41-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Other Functionalization Reagent, name is 2,4,6-Triisopropylbenzenethiol, and the molecular formula is C15H24S, Recommanded Product: 2,4,6-Triisopropylbenzenethiol.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Otsuki, Makoto published the artcileTherapeutic effects of camostat on caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats, Application In Synthesis of 71079-09-9, the publication is Biomedical Research (1989), 10(Suppl. 1), 25-31, database is CAplus.

Acute pancreatitis was induced in rats by 4 s.c. injections of caerulein (20 ¦Ìg/kg) at hourly intervals. The animals were then given either 100 mg camostat/kg or 0.05M phosphate buffer via gastric tube 30 min after the last caerulein injection. The elevation of serum amylase activity in rats treated with caerulein was reduced by camostat treatment, and the peak value was seen 1 h earlier than that in the rats that did not receive camostat. This was accompanied by an alleviation of the histol. signs of acute pancreatitis, such as cellular infiltration and acinar cell vacuolization. After oral administration, camostat and its metabolite 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy)phenylacetic acid were detectable in plasma for >6 h in concentrations high enough to have antiprotease activity. In addition, camostat stimulated endogenous secretin release. Oral administration of camostat may reduce the severity of caerulein-induced pancreatitis by releasing endogenous secretin and by its antiprotease activity.

Biomedical Research published new progress about 71079-09-9. 71079-09-9 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Carboxylic acid,Carbamidine,Amine,Benzene,Ester,Protease,Ser/Thr Protease, name is 2-(4-((4-Guanidinobenzoyl)oxy)phenyl)acetic acid methanesulfonic acid salt, and the molecular formula is C17H19N3O7S, Application In Synthesis of 71079-09-9.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Otsuki, Makoto published the artcileBeneficial effects of the synthetic trypsin inhibitor camostate in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats, COA of Formula: C17H19N3O7S, the publication is Digestive Diseases and Sciences (1990), 35(2), 242-50, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The therapeutic effect and the mechanism of action of the synthetic trypsin inhibitor camostate were studied in a rat model of acute interstitial pancreatitis induced by caerulein. Rats with acute pancreatitis were given either 100 mg/kg body weight camostate or water via an orogastric tube 30 min after the caerulein injection. The elevation of serum amylase activity was reduced by camostate treatment and the peak value was seen 1 h earlier than that observed in the control group. Camostate also inhibited the reduction in pancreatic content of lipase and amylase seen during exptl. pancreatitis. These effects were accompanied by alleviation of the histol. signs of acute pancreatitis such as cellular infiltration and acinar cell vacuolization. After oral administration, camostate and its metabolite were absorbed from the intestine and were detectable in plasma for >6 h in concentrations high enough to have antiprotease activity. In addition, camostate in the duodenum was able to increase pancreatic juice flow and protein output and to stimulate endogenous secretin release. Thus, oral administration of camostate reduces the severity of caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis by releasing endogenous secretin and by its antiprotease activity.

Digestive Diseases and Sciences published new progress about 71079-09-9. 71079-09-9 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Carboxylic acid,Carbamidine,Amine,Benzene,Ester,Protease,Ser/Thr Protease, name is 2-(4-((4-Guanidinobenzoyl)oxy)phenyl)acetic acid methanesulfonic acid salt, and the molecular formula is C17H19N3O7S, COA of Formula: C17H19N3O7S.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Kawachi, Atsushi published the artcileo-(Fluorodimethylsilyl)phenyllithium as a Versatile Reagent for Preparation of Unsymmetrical, Silicon-Functionalized o-Disilylbenzenes, Quality Control of 312-40-3, the publication is Organometallics (2007), 26(19), 4697-4699, database is CAplus.

O-(Fluorodimethylsilyl)phenyllithium (1) was prepared by Br-Li exchange between o-C₆H₄(SiMe₂F)Br (2) and t-BuLi in Et₂O at -78¡ã. The electrophilic Si-F functionality in 1 is not attacked by the nucleophilic aryllithium moiety at that temperature ⁷Li, ¹⁹F, and ²⁹Si NMR analyses supported by DFT calculations suggested that the structure of 1 involves an intramol. coordination of the F substituent to the Li atom. Reactions of 1 with halosilanes produced unsym., Si-halogenated o-disilylbenzenes 4.

Organometallics published new progress about 312-40-3. 312-40-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Organic Silicones, name is Difluorodiphenylsilane, and the molecular formula is C12H10F2Si, Quality Control of 312-40-3.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Ke, Jie published the artcileCopper-Catalyzed Radical/Radical C_sp3-H/P-H Cross-Coupling: ¦Á-Phosphorylation of Aryl Ketone O-Acetyloximes, Name: Dimesitylphosphine oxide, the publication is Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2015), 54(22), 6604-6607, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The selective radical/radical cross-coupling of two different organic radicals is a great challenge due to the inherent activity of radicals. A Cu-catalyzed selective radical/radical C_sp3-H/P-H cross-coupling was developed. This work offers a simple way toward ¦Â-ketophosphonates by oxidative coupling of aryl ketone o-acetyloximes with phosphine oxides using CuCl as catalyst and PCy₃ as ligand in dioxane under N₂ atmosphere at 130¡ã for 5 h with yields ranging from 47% to 86%. The preliminary mechanistic studies by EPR showed that, 1: the reduction of ketone o-acetyloximes generates iminium radicals, which could isomerize to ¦Á-sp³-C radical species; 2: P radicals were generated from the oxidation of phosphine oxides. Various aryl ketone o-acetyloximes and phosphine oxides were suitable for this transformation.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about 23897-16-7. 23897-16-7 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Aryl phosphine ligand,Mono-phosphine Ligands, name is Dimesitylphosphine oxide, and the molecular formula is C18H23OP, Name: Dimesitylphosphine oxide.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia