Catalysis-chemistry

Kugel, Roger W. published the artcileMetachromasy: the interactions between dyes and polyelectrolytes in aqueous solution, Quality Control of 10510-54-0, the publication is Advances in Chemistry Series (1993), 507-33, database is CAplus.

The literature on metachromasy (the color change in the dye absorption spectrum that occurs when certain cationic dyes interact with anionic polyelectrolytes) is overviewed and two quant. anal. methods for acrylic acid-acrylamide copolymer based on the metachromatic effect are proposed. The color-array method allows for the visual determination of polymer concentration by observing the color of Toluidine Blue O, Cresyl Violet Acetate, or Safranine O at various P/D (polymer acrylate residue to dye mol.) ratios. An abrupt color change is observed at P/D = 1. The complexation-extraction method is based on the removal of the dye Janus Green B from solution by complexation with acrylic acid-acrylamide copolymer followed by extraction with 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (Freon) solvent. Typical concentration ranges for both tests were 0-10 ppm polymer (0-7.4 ¡Á 10^-5 M acrylate residue) and 1-6 ¡Á 10^-5 M dye.

Advances in Chemistry Series published new progress about 10510-54-0. 10510-54-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Other Aromatic Heterocyclic,Salt,Amine,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is 5,9-Diaminobenzo[a]phenoxazin-7-ium acetate, and the molecular formula is C18H15N3O3, Quality Control of 10510-54-0.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Kramer, Soeren published the artcileSynthesis of ¦Á-Substituted Primary Benzylamines through Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling, Computed Properties of 457-68-1, the publication is Organic Letters (2019), 21(1), 65-69, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A copper-catalyzed route to ¦Á-substituted, primary benzylamines by C-H functionalization of alkylarenes is described. The method directly affords the amine hydrochloride salt. Catalyst loadings down to 0.1 mol % in combination with scalability, insensitivity to air and moisture, and no need for column chromatog. makes the procedure highly practical. The facile synthesis of the racemate of a blockbuster drug highlights the relevance for the development of pharmaceuticals. Preliminary mechanistic data are also included.

Organic Letters published new progress about 457-68-1. 457-68-1 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Fluoride,Benzene, name is Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methane, and the molecular formula is C13H10F2, Computed Properties of 457-68-1.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Kost, A. N. published the artcileAcrylonitrile as a starting material for synthesis of amino nitriles and polyamines, SDS of cas: 10517-44-9, the publication is Uchenye Zapiski Moskov. Gosudarst. Univ. im. M. V. Lomonosova (1950), 39-97, database is CAplus.

cf. C.A. 41, 1609h; 42, 3722g. Dissertation at the University (1946) with complete exptl. details and bibliography of 169 references. A laboratory preparation of CH₂:CHCN (I) was developed as follows. To a hot saturated solution of 100 g. SnCl₂ was added 30 g. Zn dust with stirring and, after completion of reaction, the mixture was allowed to stand 2 hrs., decanted, washed with 10% AcOH, let stand overnight with 60 ml. 80-90% AcOH, filtered, washed with H₂O until neutral, and washed with EtOH and Et₂O, giving 30-35 g. Sn dust. All traces of Zn must be removed for good results with this catalyst. Heating 50 g. HOCH₂CH₂CN with 5 g. of the above Sn dust in a distillation apparatus with chilled receiver so that vapor temperature is below 110¡ã yields a 2-layer distillate; the upper layer after drying with CaCl₂ yields up to 90% I. If com. ethylene oxide is used in the preparation of the cyanohydrin, the product may be contaminated with MeCH:CHCN, H₂O, and NH₃; it is purified by 5-10 min. treatment with P₂O₅ and distillation (b₇₅₈ 78¡ã). Refluxing the cyanohydrin with silica gel, activated C, MgSO₄, Fe oxides, pieces of sheet Fe, Al foil, and Al₂O₃ gave but 0-30% yields of I. Passage of the cyanohydrin over Al₂O₃ at 200-20¡ã gave but 18-20% I. To 950 ml. aqueous NH₄OH (saturated in the cold) was added 95 g. I dropwise with cooling over 2 hrs. so that the mixture remained homogeneous; after 30 min. at room temperature, distillation gave 30% H₂NCH₂CH₂CN, b₁₄ 77-8¡ã, b₂₃ 89¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4390, d₂₀ 0.9584, which polymerized in several days in a sealed ampul even in darkness. Distillation of the higher-boiling residue gave 47% HN(CH₂CH₂CN)₂, b₁₄ 177-9¡ã, b₂₂ 209-11¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4630, d₂₀ 1.0196; HCl salt, m. 147-8¡ã (from MeOH); N-Bz derivative, m. 112¡ã (from MeOH). The free amine generated by addition of 50% aqueous Me₂NH to solid NaOH was fed into 106 g. I with ice cooling over 6-8 hrs., and the mixture distilled after 2 hrs. at room temperature yielding 80-1% Me₂NCH₂CH₂CN, b₇₅₀ 171¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4283, d₂₀ 0.8705; picrate, m. 151¡ã; HCl salt, m. 199¡ã (from MeOH). A mixture of 40 g. Et₂NH and 26.5 g. I gave a slight heat evolution after 5-10 min.; refluxed on a steam bath 2 hrs. (yellow color) and distilled, it yielded 89-95% Et₂NCH₂CH₂CN, b₂₀ 86-9¡ã. If the heating is done in sealed tubes 6-8 hrs. no yellow color is formed and the yield is nearly 100%; the pure product b₂ 65¡ã, b₉ 76¡ã, b₂₀ 87¡ã, b₄₅ 112¡ã, b₇₅₅ 197.3¡ã (corr.), d₂₀ 0.8761, n_D²⁰ 1.4380; HCl salt, m. 120¡ã; picrate, m. 85¡ã. This (3.1 g.) refluxed 4 hrs. with 4. g. 25% NaOH and evaporated gave the amorphous Na salt of the corresponding acid; refluxing 6.3 g. of the nitrile with 11 g. concentrated HCl, cooling, filtering, and evaporating repeatedly in vacuo gave an amorphous mass, which was freed in aqueous solution of Cl ion by Ag₂CO₃, the Ag ion removed with H₂S, and the filtrate evaporated, yielding 60% Et₂NCH₂CH₂CO₂H, m. 70-5¡ã. The best reaction conditions for piperidine and I are as follows: Piperidine (17 g.) and 11.1 g. I mixed with cooling in an ampul (cooled until the heat evolution stopped in 15-20 min.) and heated 4 hrs. on a steam bath, then let stand overnight, gave 96-7% (CH₂)₅NCH₂CH₂CN, b₁₈ 114-15¡ã; some 22% is formed by refluxing 5 g. piperidine with 5 g. HOCH₂CH₂CN 3 hrs. at 120-50¡ã; if Sn dust is added the yield is 52.5%. An extensive study showed that the reaction of I with PhNHEt is best carried out by heating in an ampul 100 hrs. on steam bath in the presence of 3% Ac₂O and a little hydroquinone, when 65-70% PhEtNCH₂CH₂CN, b₈ 158¡ã, b₁₁ 164-5¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.5503, d₂₀ 1.0260, is obtained; HCl salt, hygroscopic solid; picrate, oil; the free base couples with diazotized sulfanilic acid even in acid medium and the coupling product, isolated as the Na salt, is a green solid, giving a brown color in acid solution Coupling with diazotized p-O₂NC₆H₄NH₂ gave a brown product, C₁₇H₁₇O₂N₅, while tetrazotized benzidine reacts only slowly in acidified solution, yielding a red-violet solution which turns yellow in neutral or basic solution; the free azo derivative is soluble in organic solvents. Hydrolysis of PhEtNCH₂CH₂CN is very slow with H₂O at 100¡ã in a sealed tube; concentrated HCl at room temperature acts slowly and incompletely even in 48 hrs., while heating at 110-20¡ã leads to loss of PhNHEt; heating with 30-40% H₂SO₄ gives an impure product. Alk. hydrolysis gives low yields of the corresponding acid. Refluxing 14 g. PhEtNCH₂CH₂CN and 20 g. KOH in 20 ml. H₂O and 70 ml. EtOH 15 hrs., acidifying with HCl, and repeatedly extracting with iso-BuOH, adding Et₂O to the extract gave 33.1% PhEtNCH₂CO₂H.HCl, a high-melting solid, giving a brown color with FeCl₃. This couples even in acid solution with diazotized sulfanilic acid, yielding a red azo derivative; p-O₂NC₆H₄N₂Cl also couples in acid medium, giving a red azo derivative PhEtNCH₂CH₂CN (4.5 g.) added slowly to 15 ml. concentrated H₂SO₄, and the mixture let stand 40 hrs., then diluted with H₂O (50 ml.), neutralized with concentrated NH₄OH, and let stand overnight giving a precipitate of PhEtNCH₂CH₂CONH₂, 68.5-76.5%, m. 55-8¡ã (crude), m. 67¡ã (from MeOH). I (35 g.) added to 20 g. dry (CH₂NH₂)₂ dropwise with cooling at 15-20¡ã over 2 hrs. the mixture shaken 2 hrs. at room temperature and let stand overnight in a stoppered flask gave 39.8% H₂NCH₂CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CN, b_1.5 101¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4727, d₂₀ 0.9912 (with MeZnI at room temperature only the primary amino group reacts, while at 100¡ã all active H can be determined) (the picrate and styphnate are oils, while HCl salt is a viscous mass), and 59.8% (CH₂NHCH₂CH₂CN)₂, b_1.5 174¡ã, b_3.5 191¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4793, d₂₀ 1.0256 [picrate and styphnate, oils; HCl salt, m. 184-7¡ã (decomposition)]. The structure of the latter appears confirmed by the improbability of reaction of I with a cyanoethylated group, and further by the reaction with MeZnI which indicates 1.94 active H atoms/mole at 100¡ã and 0.5 at room temperature Me₂NCH₂CH₂CN treated with MeI in C₆H₆ with cooling gave the methiodide, m. 153¡ã (from MeOH); EtI at room temperature yielded the ethiodide, m. 128.5¡ã (from MeOH); EtBr at 60¡ã yielded the ethobromide, m. 157¡ã (from Et₂O-MeOH); PrBr and CH₂:CHCH₂Cl at 80¡ã yielded the corresponding quaternary salts, m. 189¡ã (from Et₂O-MeOH), and 185-7¡ã (from MeOH), resp. Et₂NCH₂CH₂CN with MeI at room temperature gave the methiodide, m. 152¡ã (from MeOH), while EtI at 60¡ã gave the ethiodide, m. 168¡ã (from MeOH). (CH₂)₅NCH₂CH₂CN with MeI at 100¡ã gave the methiodide, m. 152¡ã (from MeOH), while EtI reacted slowly at 100¡ã yielding the ethiodide, m. 160-1¡ã (from MeOH). Reduction of H₂NCH₂CH₂CN with BuOH-Na gave variable yields when com. Na was used, because of traces of K (Dzirkal, C.A. 36, 2255.6); a 2% K-Na alloy gave high yields comparable to those obtained with pure Na. In the best procedure 30 g. of this alloy was rapidly treated with 14 g. H₂NCH₂CH₂CN in 450 ml. BuOH, and despite vigorous reaction the mixture was immediately heated in an oil bath at 140-50¡ã, cooled after 35-40 min., diluted with 130-50 ml. cold H₂O, steam-distilled 4-6 hrs. into the calculated amount of aqueous HCl, and the distillate evaporated, yielding 81% CH₂(CH₂NH₂)₂.2HCl, m. 242¡ã (from EtOH). Similar reduction of Me₂NCH₂CH₂CN gave 52-6% Me₂NCH₂CH₂ CH₂NH₂, b_128-30 70-80¡ã (crude), b₂₀ 44-5¡ã, b₇₄₈ 133¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4415, d₂₀ 0.8272; di-HCl salt, m. 184¡ã (from MeOH); picrate, C₁₇H₂₀N₈O₁₄, m. 211¡ã (from H₂O). The higher-boiling material yielded a little 3,3′-bis(dimethylamino)dipropylamine, b₂₀ 128-31¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4531 (HCl salt, hygroscopic solid; tripicrate, m. 200¡ã; chloroplatinate, 2C₁₀H₂₅N₃.3H₂PtCl₆, soluble in H₂O, insoluble in aqueous EtOH). Reduction of Et₂NCH₂CH₂CN with NaBuOH gave 38-63% diamine; a 2% K-Na alloy gave good consistent 60-70% yields; pure Et₂NCH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂, b₁₂ 61-2¡ã, b₇₀ 85-7¡ã, b₈₀ 99-100¡ã, b₇₅₅ 168-70¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4435, gave 2 active H with MeZnI at room temperature and at 100¡ã; picrate, m. 190.5¡ã (from MeOH); Bz derivative, oil. Refluxing this amine with an equimolar amount of oleic acid 2 hrs., adding a little amine, heating another hr., concentrating, and evaporating with C₆H₆ gave a product that formed extremely stable organic-aqueous emulsions. The higher-boiling fractions from the above reduction gave a little bis(diethylamino) dipropylamine, b₁₂ 148-50¡ã (picrate, m. 152¡ã), also obtained if the reduction is run with pure Na. Reduction of (CH₂)₅NCH₂CH₂CN with 2% K-Na in BuOH gave 57% 1-(3-aminopropyl)piperidine, b₄ 65-6¡ã, b₉ 79-81¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4729. COCl₂ with ROH gave the ClCO₂R: R =Et, b₇₅₂ 92-4¡ã; Pr, b₇₄₂ 114-16¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4036; iso-Pr, b₇₄₅ 101-2¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.3996, d₂₀ 1.0777; Bu, b₁₆ 40-7¡ã, b₇₅₆ 138¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4128, d₂₀ 1.0513. COCl₂ with ROH in MePh in the presence of 5-8% quinoline gave the following ClCO₂R: iso-Bu, b₇₅₀ 123-7¡ã; iso-Am, b₇₅₄ 150-1¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4176, d₂₀ 1.0490; C₈H₁₇, b₅ 86.5¡ã, b₁₀ 96-7¡ã, b₁₅ 107¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4330, d₂₀ 0.9841; cyclohexyl, b₂₅ 80-5¡ã, n_D²⁵ 1.4628; 1-menthyl, b₅ 96¡ã, b₁₁ 108-9¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4712; PhCH₂, b₇ 85-7¡ã; with an equimolar amount of quinoline were obtained: sec-Bu, 72%, b₂₃ 30-1¡ã, b₇₄₈ 121-4¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4490; 1-methyl-2-cyclohexyl, b₃₀ 101.5¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4560; Ph, b₇ 64¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.5162. The diamines (0.025 mole) in Et₂O were treated with 0.025 mole powd. potash, then 1.5-2 ml. H₂O, and RO₂CCl in Et₂O was added with cooling; the usual treatment gave the desired urethan derivatives: Me₂NCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCO₂Et, 55.8%, b₁₆ 137-7¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4480, d₂₀ 0.9653; l-menthyl ester, 51.8%, b₁ 164.5¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4706, d₂₀ 0.9557, m. 45¡ã; Et₂NCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCO₂Et, 66.7%, b₇ 130¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4503; iso-Pr ester, 53.2%, b_1.5 122-3¡ã, n_D³⁰ 1.4452, n_D²⁰ 1.4493, d₂₀ 0.9367; sec-Bu ester, 42.5%, b₅ 132¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4513, d₂₀ 0.9334; C₈H₁₇ ester, 63.3%, b₂ 181.5-2¡ã, n_D³⁰ 1.4528, n_D²⁰ 1.4577, d₂₀ 0.9168; cyclohexyl ester, 46.5%, b_1.5 165-7¡ã, n_D³⁰ 1.4725, n_D²⁰ 1.4752, d₂₀ 0.9765; 2-methylcyclohexyl ester, 81.5%, b₂ 177¡ã, n_D³⁰ 1.4693, n_D²⁰ 1.4723, d₂₀ 0.9679; l-menthyl ester, 88.2%, b₃ 173¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4719, d₂₀ 0.9482, m. 31¡ã; Ph ester, 33.6%, b₃ 196-201¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4770; PhCH₂ ester, 24%, b₃ 132-5¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.5030. C₅H₅NCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCO₂Et, 78.3%, b₉ 150-3¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4742, d₂₀ 1.0070; Pr ester, 70.4%, b₁₈ 187-8¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4735, d₂₀ 0.9935; iso-Pr ester, 62.8%, b₈ 155-8¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4706, d₂₀ 0.9878; Bu ester, 62.8%, b₃ 146¡ã, b₅ 167-8¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4730, d₂₀ 0.9788; iso-Bu ester, 53.5%, b₂ 136.5-7¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4710, d₂₀ 0.9813; iso-Am ester, 66.2%, b₂ 159.5¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4712, d₂₀ 0.9749; C₈H₁₇ ester, 63.7%, b₉ 212-13¡ã, n_D²⁰ 1.4720, d₂₀ 0.9550.

Uchenye Zapiski Moskov. Gosudarst. Univ. im. M. V. Lomonosova published new progress about 10517-44-9. 10517-44-9 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, name is Propane-1,3-diamine dihydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C3H12Cl2N2, SDS of cas: 10517-44-9.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Kondrat’ev, S. A. published the artcileEvaluation of activity selectivity of carbonic acids as floatation reagents, Quality Control of 2016-56-0, the publication is Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh (2012), 116-125, database is CAplus.

The article proves that the strength of a flotation agent depends on the surface pressure of its mols., or the ion-mol. associates, at the gas-solution contact. Based on the found relationship of the flotation strength and surface pressure of a reagent, the author determines collecting activity and selectivity of the reagent, and suggests a method for enhancing quality of separation of minerals having akin surface properties.

Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh published new progress about 2016-56-0. 2016-56-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Active Esterification, name is Dodecylamineacetate, and the molecular formula is C14H31NO2, Quality Control of 2016-56-0.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Kim, Sung-Gon published the artcileDiastereoselective organocatalytic Michael addition of 2-arylacetates having an electron-withdrawing group to nitro alkenes, Application In Synthesis of 4230-93-7, the publication is Letters in Organic Chemistry (2012), 9(8), 572-576, database is CAplus.

The first efficient organocatalytic conjugate addition reaction of 2-arylacetates and 2-arylacetonitriles having an electron-withdrawing group to nitro alkenes was achieved using a bifunctional amino thiourea catalyst. The reagents having NO₂-, CO₂Me-, and CN-functional groups on the aromatic ring can be used; the bifunctional catalyst, N-aminocyclohexyl-N’-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylthiourea provided Michael adducts in the reaction of various nitro alkenes with broad generality in high yield and diastereoselectivity.

Letters in Organic Chemistry published new progress about 4230-93-7. 4230-93-7 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Nitro Compound,Benzene,Ether, name is 1,2-Dimethoxy-4-(2-nitrovinyl)benzene, and the molecular formula is C10H11NO4, Application In Synthesis of 4230-93-7.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Khalaf, Ali Ali published the artcileModern Friedel-Crafts chemistry. VII. Group participation in the rate-determining ionization step during inter- and intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylations and the mechanism of formation of 1-methyltetralin during the aluminum chloride-catalyzed reaction of 1-chloro-2-methyl-4-phenylbutane, Recommanded Product: 2-Methyl-4-phenylbutanoic acid, the publication is Revue Roumaine de Chimie (1974), 19(8), 1361-72, database is CAplus.

Aryl group participation in the rate-determining ionization step during intramol. Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene with Me2CBrCH2Br and Me2CPhCH2Cl and intramol. alkylation of Ph(CH2)4Cl, Ph(CH2)2CHMeCH2Cl (I), and p-MeC6H4CMe2CH2CH2Cl over AlCl3/MeNO2 was affected by the relative positions of the aryl and halogen groups. The formation of 1-methyltetralin from I, in addition to 1,1-dimethylindene, involved an AlCl3-induced hydride ion abstraction mechanism.

Revue Roumaine de Chimie published new progress about 1949-41-3. 1949-41-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Carboxylic acid,Benzene, name is 2-Methyl-4-phenylbutanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C11H14O2, Recommanded Product: 2-Methyl-4-phenylbutanoic acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Keshavarz, Mohammad Hossein published the artcilePrediction of the condensed phase heat of formation of energetic compounds, Computed Properties of 1821-27-8, the publication is Journal of Hazardous Materials (2011), 190(1-3), 330-344, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A new reliable simple model is presented for estimating the condensed phase heat of formation of important classes of energetic compounds including polynitro arene, polynitro heteroarene, acyclic and cyclic nitramine, nitrate ester and nitroaliph. compounds For CHNO energetic compounds, elemental compositions as well as increasing and decreasing energy content parameters are used in the new method. The novel correlation is tested for 192 organic compounds containing complex mol. structures with at least one nitro, nitramine or nitrate energetic functional groups. This work improves the predictive ability of previous empirical correlations for a wide range of energetic compounds For those energetic compounds where group additivity method can be applied and outputs of quantum mech. computations were available, it is shown that the root mean square (rms) deviation of the new method is lower.

Journal of Hazardous Materials published new progress about 1821-27-8. 1821-27-8 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Nitro Compound,Amine,Benzene, name is Bis(4-nitrophenyl)amine, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O4, Computed Properties of 1821-27-8.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Keniston, Richard Chace published the artcilePolyamine-pyridoxal 5′-phosphate interaction: effects of pH and phosphate concentration in Schiff’s base formation, Product Details of C3H12Cl2N2, the publication is Physiological Chemistry and Physics (1979), 11(5), 465-70, database is CAplus.

The polyamines, spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, reacted rapidly with pyridoxal phosphate (I) in aqueous solution at neutral pH to yield Schiff bases. At high pH, spermine and spermidine cyclized with I to give aldamines. The rate of reaction of polyamines with I was inversely proportional to the phosphate concentration of the buffer and directly proportional to the pH over the physiol. range (pH 6.0-8.0). Spermine reacted faster, and at a lower molar concentration, than any other amine or amino acid tested.

Physiological Chemistry and Physics published new progress about 10517-44-9. 10517-44-9 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, name is Propane-1,3-diamine dihydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C3H12Cl2N2, Product Details of C3H12Cl2N2.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Karunakaran, K. published the artcileKinetics of oxidation of phenoxyacetic acids by quinolinium fluorochromate, Synthetic Route of 1798-04-5, the publication is Polish Journal of Chemistry (1998), 72(5), 916-924, database is CAplus.

The kinetics of oxidn of 21 PhOCH₂CO₂H derivatives by quinolinium fluorochromate were studied in binary solvent mixtures CH₂:CHCN has no effect on the oxidation rates in dipolar protic solvents, but in aprotic solvents it decreases the oxidation rates. In both solvent systems there exists an equilibrium prior to the rate-determining step, followed by irreversible decomposition of the complex. The calculated rate constants correlate well with Hammett ¦Ò values, and suitable mechanisms were proposed.

Polish Journal of Chemistry published new progress about 1798-04-5. 1798-04-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Ether, name is 2-(4-(tert-Butyl)phenoxy)acetic acid, and the molecular formula is C12H16O3, Synthetic Route of 1798-04-5.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Jutz, Christian published the artcileUnsaturated aldehydes and ketones. I. Preparation of unsaturated aldehydes by a method involving the Vilsmeier reaction, SDS of cas: 16909-09-4, the publication is Chemische Berichte (1958), 850-61, database is CAplus.

cf. Vilsmeier, Chemiker-Ztg. 75, 133(1951). MeNPh(CH:CH)_nCHO (I) (n = 1), b_0.8 144-5¡ã, m. 48-9¡ã (Et₂O), was prepared from PhNHMe and CHú·CCHO (prepared from CHú·CCH₂OH by oxidation with CrO₃ in H₂O; cf. Huber, Dissertation, Munich, 1953). I (n = 2), properties not given [cf. Zincke and W¨¹rker, Ann. 338, 109(1905)] was formed by treating pyridine in the presence of PhNHMe with BrCN, and treating the resulting 1-methylanilino-1,3-pentadien-5-al methylanil bromide [cf. K?nig, J. Prakt Chem. 69, 134(1904)] (details not given). To I (n = 1) (0.1 mole) and 0.115 mole PhNMe₂ in 50 cc. absolute CHCl₃ or tetrahydrofuran below 0¡ã were added gradually 16 g. POCl₃, giving a mixture of salts of p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde methylanil, dark green, partially crystalline sirup, the separation of which was increased by adding petr. ether, and keeping at 20¡ã overnight. The upper phase was decanted and the sirup (II) extracted several times with petr. ether, taken up in 100 cc. MeOH and treated dropwise with 10% aqueous Na₂CO₃ until alk. The separated oil was steam distilled briefly to remove PhNHMe without loss of the partially volatile product. The cooled still residue was extracted with four 50-cc. portions of CHCl₃ giving 12-14 g. p-Me₂NC₆H₄CH:CHCHO (III), yellow leaflets, m. 141¡ã (K?nig, et al., C.A. 23, 381). An aliquot of II in MeOH with aqueous NaClO₄ gave p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde methylanil perchlorate (IV), C₁₈H₂₁N₂ClO₄, dark violet crystals, or bluish-green crystals with metallic luster, m. 158-9¡ã (Me₂CO-Et₂O, or MeOH-Et₂O). IV was also formed by warming III and PhNHMe at 50¡ã with the min. amount 2N HCl and adding NaClO₄. Formed similarly to III, from 8 g. each of I (n = 1), PhNEt₂, and POCl₃ was 8.6 g. p-Et₂NC₆H₄CH:CHCHO, yellow, m. 73-4¡ã (MeOH). Equimolar amounts of PhNMeCHO, POCl₃, and PhNMe₂ caused a separation of intermediate salts, from which was formed p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde methylanil perchlorate, C₁₆H₁₉N₂ClO₄, pale yellow, m. 179-80¡ã(Me₂CO or MeOH-Et₂O), also formed from PhNMe₂ and Me₂NC₆H₄CHO in acid with HClO₄. Similarly, primary aromatic amines reacted with p-Me₂NC₆H₄CHO in aqueous acid solutions and then with NaClO₄ to form the corresponding anil perchlorates of the following: p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, C₁₅H₁₇N₂ClO₄, orange, m. 230-1¡ã (decomposition) (Me₂CO-Et₂O); p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde, C₁₇H₁₉N₂ClO₄, violet, m. 190¡ã (decomposition) (MeOH-Et₂O). I (n = 2) (9.4 g.) and 7 g. PhNMe₂ in tetrahydrofuran at -20¡ã with 9 g. POCl₃ and 5 g. PhNMe₂ treated as in the case of III gave, after a fully-described purification, 2 g. p-Me₂NC₆H₄(CH:CH)₂CHO, golden yellow, m. 156-7¡ã (sublimation in high vacuum followed by ligroine), whose methylanil perchlorate, blue violet with metallic luster, m. 205¡ã (decomposition) (Me₂CO-Et₂O). To 4 g. I (n = 1) and 5.6 g. 1-phenyl-1-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)ethylene in 25 cc. absolute C₆H₆, cooled, was added 10 cc. Ac₂O, shaken, and then treated dropwise with 2.5 g. anhydrous ZnCl₂ in 10 cc. AcOH, giving a violet-blue Zn complex salt. After removing the excess Ac₂O, AcOH, and C₆H₆ in vacuo, the residue dissolved in 200 cc. 25% MeOH was treated with 1 g. PhNHMe in 2N HCl, warmed to 50¡ã, filtered, and saturated NaClO₄ added to the filtrate, giving 9.3 g. 1-phenyl-1-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-pentadien-5-al methylanil perchlorate (V), moss-green leaflets, m. 214-15¡ã (decomposition). V in CHCl₃ shaken with 20% aqueous Na₂CO₃ and filtered, the CHCl₃ separated, and the aqueous phase re?xtd. with CHCl₃; the combined extracts gave about 94% (crude) 1-phenyl-1-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-pentadien-5-al, orange, m. 119.5-20.5¡ã (ligroine). I (n = 1) (0.1 mole) and 0.115 mole m-C₆H₄(OMe)₂ in CHCl₃, stirred and cooled below 0¡ã were treated with 16 g. POCl₃ in 20 cc. CHCl₃, warmed gradually to 35¡ã, stirred and treated with 200 cc. ligroine which caused the separation of 2 phases; the lower one was washed repeatedly with petr. ether, dissolved in 150 cc. CHCl₃, and washed successively with H₂O, 2N HCl, H₂O, 10% Na₂CO₃, and H₂O, dried and evaporated giving 17-17.5 g. 2,4-dimethoxycinnamaldehyde (VI), m. 99.5-100¡ã (C₆H₁₄ or aqueous MeOH); semicarbazone, m. 198-201¡ã (decomposition) (EtOH). VI oxidized in alc. NaOH with Ag₂O gave 2,4-(MeO)₂C₆H₃CH:CHCO₂H, m. 186-7¡ã. 1-Tetrahydroquinolinyl-1-propen-3-al (9.4 g.) and 10 g. CH₂(CO₂H)₂ in 60 cc. glacial AcOH, treated with 15 cc. Ac₂O and 2 g. ZnCl₂ in 5 cc. AcOH turned from brown to blue and evolved CO₂ slowly; after 24 hrs. 50 cc. MeOH was added, the mixture warmed to 50¡ã and poured into 1 l. 2% NaClO₄ solution, giving, on cooling a mixture of perchlorates, which was dried and extracted in a Soxhlet with 200 cc. Me₂CO. The extract treated with 70 cc. C₆H₆ gave 6 g. 1,7-bis(1-tetrahydroquinolinyl)heptamethine monoperchlorate, C₂₅H₂₇N₂ClO₄, long needles with blue metallic surface luster, m. 168¡ã (decomposition) (Me₂CO). The thimble residue, insoluble in Me₂CO, yielded 3 g. 1,3-bis(1-tetrahydroquinolinyl)trimethine monoperchlorate (properties not given). VII in CHCl₃ shaken with aqueous K₂CO₃ gave 1-tetrahydroquinolinyl-1,3,5-heptatrien-7-al, m. 149-50¡ã (C₆H₁₄) (cf. Dieterle and Riester, C.A. 31, 4911⁷). 1-Methylanilino-1-propen-3-al (8 g.) treated as in the preparation of VII gave an incompletely separated mixture (IX) of the methylanil perchlorates of 1-methylanilino-1,3,5-heptatrien-7-al and 1-methylanilino-1-propen-3-al (IXa). IX sintered 155¡ã, m. 163-4¡ã, and contained about 65-70% IXa (gaged from anal. data). Pure IXa, m. 166¡ã (decomposition), was prepared from I, PhNHMe and NaClO₄, in acid solution IX (4 g.) in 50 cc. CHCl₃, shaken with aqueous K₂CO₃, the aqueous phase extracted with CHCl₃, and the combined organic extracts washed with H₂O and Na₂CO₃, dried and evaporated gave 0.7-0.9 g. 1-methylanilino-1,3,5-heptatrien-7-al, orange-brown, m. 120-1¡ã (decomposition) (after extraction with ligroine, b. 60-80¡ã, discarding these extracts and then extracting with ligroine b. 80-120¡ã). p-Me₂NC₆H₄CHO (3 g.) and 3 g. PhNMe₂ in 20 cc. CHCl₃ was added dropwise to 3.5 g. POCl₃ in 10 cc. CHCl₃ at 0¡ã; after standing at 20¡ã and warming to 35¡ã, 100 cc. petr. ether were added and the resulting sirup (X) washed repeatedly with petr. ether. X, in little cold EtOH with aqueous NaClO₄ yielded 5.5-6.5 g. 4,4′-bis(dimethylamino)benzhydrol perchlorate, metallic blue leaflets, m. 161-3¡ã (decomposition) (varying with rate of heating) (Me₂CO-Et₂O).

Chemische Berichte published new progress about 16909-09-4. 16909-09-4 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Ether, name is (E)-3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid, and the molecular formula is C11H12O4, SDS of cas: 16909-09-4.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia