Tag: M.W=100-150

Ongoma, Peter O. published the artcileMechanistic elucidation of linker and ancillary ligand substitution reactions in Pt(II) dinuclear complexes, SDS of cas: 6972-05-0, the publication is Dalton Transactions (2013), 42(8), 2724-2734, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The rate of substitution of aqua ligands by three nucleophiles, thiourea (TU), N,N-dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and N,N,N,N-tetramethylthiourea (TMTU), for [cis-{PtOH₂(NH₃)₂}₂-¦Ì-pyrazine](ClO₄)₂ (pzn), [cis-{PtOH₂(NH₃)₂}₂-¦Ì-2,3-dimethylpyrazine](ClO₄)₂ (2,3pzn), [cis-{PtOH₂(NH₃)₂}₂-¦Ì-2,5-pyrazine](ClO₄)₂ (2,5pzn) and [cis-{PtOH₂(NH₃)₂}₂-¦Ì-2,6-dimethylpyrazine](ClO₄)₂ (2,6pzn) was studied under pseudo 1st-order conditions as a function of concentration and temperature by stopped-flow and UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The reaction proceeded in three consecutive steps; each step follows 1st order kinetics with respect to each complex and nucleophile. The pseudo 1st-order rate constants, k_obs(1/2/3), for sequential substitution of the aqua ligands and subsequent displacement of the linker obeyed the rate law: k_obs(1/2/3) = k_(1/2/3)[nucleophile]. The steric hindrance properties of the pyrazine-bridging ligand control the overall reaction pattern. The order of reactivity of the complexes is 2,3pzn ¡Ö 2,5pzn < 2,6pzn < pzn. The difference in reactivity attributed to the steric crowding at the Pt(II) center imposed by the Me groups reduces the lability of the aqua complexes. The order of reactivity of the nucleophiles decreases with the increase in steric demand TU > DMTU > TMTU. ¹H and ¹⁹⁵Pt NMR spectroscopic results confirmed the observed dissociation of the bridging ligand from the metal center of the cis-dinuclear complexes and its derivatives in the 3rd step. The dissociation process is accelerated by the introduction of the steric effect on the linker in conjunction with the increased ligand field strength imparted by addnl. thiourea ligands at each metal center. The large neg. entropy of activation ¦¤S^¡Ù values in all cases support an associative substitution mechanism.

Dalton Transactions published new progress about 6972-05-0. 6972-05-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Thiourea,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, and the molecular formula is C3H8N2S, SDS of cas: 6972-05-0.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Papo, Tshephiso R. published the artcileTuning the ¦Ð-backbonding and ¦Ò-trans effect of N?N? coordinated Pt(II) complexes. Kinetic and computational study, Recommanded Product: 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, the publication is Journal of Coordination Chemistry (2015), 68(5), 794-807, database is CAplus.

The nucleophilic substitution reaction of cyclometalated substituted 2,6-dipyridylphenyl platinum complexes [PtLⁿCl] (n = 1-4; HL¹ = 1,3-di-2-pyridylbenzene; HL² = 1-fluoro-3,5-di-2-pyridylbenzene; HL³ = 1-fluoro-2,4-di-2-pyridylbenzene; HL⁴ = 1-methyl-3,5-di-2-pyridylbenzene) with thioureas R¹R¹NCSNR²R² (TU, R¹ = R² = H; DMTU, R¹ = Me, R² = H; TMTU, R¹ = R² = Me) as a series of neutral nucleophiles with different steric properties, was studied under pseudo-first-order conditions in methanol solution of an ionic strength of 0.1 M (0.09 M LiOTf and 0.01 M LiCl). The rate of substitution of the chloro ligand was studied as a function of nucleophile concentration and temperature using UV-visible and stopped-flow spectrophotometric techniques. The observed pseudo-first-order rate constants for the substitution reactions obey the rate law k_obs = k₂[Nu] + k_-2. The reactivity of the investigated complexes when [PtL¹Cl] is used as a reference follows the order [PtL²Cl] > [PtL³Cl] > [PtL⁴Cl] > [PtL¹Cl]. The lability of the chloro group is dependent on the extent of ¦Ð-backbonding and the ¦Ò-trans effect of the ligand backbone. [PtL²Cl] and [PtL³Cl], which have a common electron-withdrawing fluoride on the ligand trans to the leaving group, have a higher reaction rate compared to [PtL⁴Cl], which has an electron-donating Me group attached to the ligand backbone. The position of the substituent on the Ph group trans to the leaving group also influences the overlap of frontier MOs which result in controlling the reactivity of the fluoro complexes. In general, the results show that the nature of the substituent, either electron withdrawing or electron donating, results in an increase in the rate of substitution. Second-order kinetics and large neg. activation entropies (¦¤S^#) support an associative substitution mechanism. The exptl. data are supported by DFT calculations

Journal of Coordination Chemistry published new progress about 6972-05-0. 6972-05-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Thiourea,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, and the molecular formula is C3H8N2S, Recommanded Product: 1,1-Dimethylthiourea.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Tamaki, Kunio published the artcileHeats of solutions of bolaform electrolytes in water, Product Details of C3H12Cl2N2, the publication is Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (1983), 56(9), 2831-2, database is CAplus.

The heats of solutions of polymethylene-diammonium dichlorides, [H₃N(CH₂)_nNH₃]Cl₂ (n = 2-8, 10, and 12) and disodium polymethylene disulfates, Na₂[O₃SO(CH₂)_nOSO₃] (n = 2-6, 8, and 10), in water were measured at 15, 25, and 35¡ã. The changes in the heat capacity for dissolution, ¦¤C_p⁰, were obtained from the relation between the heats of solution and the temperature and the results were compared with the ¦¤C_p⁰ values for alkylammonium chlorides and Na alkyl sulfates previously reported.

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan published new progress about 10517-44-9. 10517-44-9 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, name is Propane-1,3-diamine dihydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C3H12Cl2N2, Product Details of C3H12Cl2N2.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Ishibashi, Masataka published the artcileDiethylhydrogensilyl-cyclic diethylsilylene derivatives in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of hydroxylated steroids. IV. Hydrocortisone, Related Products of catalysis-chemistry, the publication is Journal of Chromatography (1987), 197-206, database is CAplus.

The 3,20-bismethyloxime-11-diethylhydrogensilyl-17,21-cyclic diethylsilylene derivative of hydrocortisone (HC) was obtained by treating HC with O-methylhydroxylamine-HCl and then with N,O-bis(diethylhydrogensilyl)trifluoroacetamide. This derivative gave a single peak without resolution of its structural isomers. The electron-impact mass spectrum of the HC derivative was characterized by the appearance of an intense mol. ion peak and principal ion peak of [M – OCH₃]⁺ at m/z 559. The detection limit was 10 pg with a signal-to-noise ratio of >10 when gas chromatog. (GC)-selected ion monitoring was carried out at the mol. ion of m/z 590. On the other hand, GC-metastable peak monitoring, based on the metastable peak corresponding to the transition ions from m/z 590 to 559, showed a detection limit of ?10 pg with a signal-to-noise ratio of >5.

Journal of Chromatography published new progress about 6084-58-8. 6084-58-8 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, name is O-Isobutylhydroxylamine hydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C4H12ClNO, Related Products of catalysis-chemistry.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Shimada, Kazuaki published the artcileConvenient synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-thiadiazoles, 4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazoles, and 1,3-thiazoles through a [4 + 1]-type oxidative ring closure of 1,3-thiaza-1,3-butadienes, Formula: C3H8N2S, the publication is Heterocycles (2020), 100(6), 881-900, database is CAplus.

1,3-Thiaza-1,3-butadienes bearing an N,N-dimethylamino group at the C-2 position were efficiently converted into 5H-1,2,4-oxathiazoles, 2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-thiadiazoles, 4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazoles, and 1,3-thiazoles through an oxidative ring closure by treating with mCPBA, chloramine-T, metal carbenoids, or dichlorocarbene, resp., via the ring closure of in situ generated heterocumulene-type reactive species involving thione S-oxides, thione S-imides, and thiocarbonyl ylides.

Heterocycles published new progress about 6972-05-0. 6972-05-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Thiourea,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, and the molecular formula is C8H7ClO3, Formula: C3H8N2S.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Fukumoto, Kazuki published the artcileExcess S-adenosylmethionine inhibits methylation via catabolism to adenine, Computed Properties of 63-68-3, the publication is Communications Biology (2022), 5(1), 313, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The global dietary supplement market is valued at over USD 100 billion. One popular dietary supplement, S-adenosylmethionine, is marketed to improve joints, liver health and emotional well-being in the US since 1999, and has been a prescription drug in Europe to treat depression and arthritis since 1975, but recent studies questioned its efficacy. In our body, S-adenosylmethionine is critical for the methylation of nucleic acids, proteins and many other targets. The marketing of SAM implies that more S-adenosylmethionine is better since it would stimulate methylations and improve health. Previously, we have shown that methylation reactions regulate biol. rhythms in many organisms. Here, using biol. rhythms to assess the effects of exogenous S-adenosylmethionine, we reveal that excess S-adenosylmethionine disrupts rhythms and, rather than promoting methylation, is catabolized to adenine and methylthioadenosine, toxic methylation inhibitors. These findings further our understanding of Me metabolism and question the safety of S-adenosylmethionine as a supplement.

Communications Biology published new progress about 63-68-3. 63-68-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Natural product, name is (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C5H11NO2S, Computed Properties of 63-68-3.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Fairhurst, Robin A. published the artcileIdentification and optimization of a 4′,5-bisthiazole series of selective phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase alpha inhibitors, Synthetic Route of 6972-05-0, the publication is Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2015), 25(17), 3569-3574, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Exploring the affinity-pocket binding moiety of a 2-aminothiazole (S)-proline-amide-urea series of selective PI3K¦Á inhibitors using a parallel-synthesis approach led to the identification of a novel 4′,5-bisthiazole sub-series. The synthesis and optimization of both the affinity pocket and (S)-proline amide moieties within this 4′,5-bisthiazole sub-series are described. From this work a number of analogs, including (I) (A66) and (II), were identified as potent and selective PI3K¦Á inhibitor in vitro tool compounds

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about 6972-05-0. 6972-05-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Thiourea,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, and the molecular formula is C3H8N2S, Synthetic Route of 6972-05-0.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Cai, Sophia K. published the artcileDevelopment of Abraham model correlations for solute transfer into cyclopentanol from both water and the gas phase based on measured solubility ratios, Application In Synthesis of 118-90-1, the publication is Physics and Chemistry of Liquids (2022), 60(2), 287-296, database is CAplus.

Exptl. mole fraction solubilities are reported for acenaphthene, benzoin, salicylamide, o-acetoacetanisidide, benzoic acid, 4-chlorobenzoic acid, 3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid, 4-methoxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-methylbenzoic acid, 3-methylbenzoic acid and 4-nitrobenzoic acid dissolved in cyclopentanol at 298.15 K. Results of exptl. measurements, combined with published solubility data and activity coefficient data taken from the published literature, were used to derive Abraham model correlations for solute transfer into anhydrous cyclopentanol solvent from both water and from the gas phase. The derived Abraham model correlations back-calculate the observed exptl. data to within 0.11 log units (or less).

Physics and Chemistry of Liquids published new progress about 118-90-1. 118-90-1 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Natural product, name is 2-Methylbenzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H8O2, Application In Synthesis of 118-90-1.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Chen, Xuefei published the artcileEffects of floor- and net-rearing systems on intestinal growth and microbial diversity in the ceca of ducks, HPLC of Formula: 63-68-3, the publication is BMC Microbiology (2022), 22(1), 76, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Rearing systems can affect livestock production directly, but whether they have effects on intestinal growth states and ceca microorganisms in ducks is largely unclear. The current study used Nonghua ducks to estimate the effects of rearing systems on the intestines by evaluating differences in intestinal growth indexes and cecal microorganisms between ducks in the floor-rearing system (FRS) and net-rearing system (NRS). The values of relative weight (RW), relative length (RL) and RW/RL of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and ceca in the FRS were significantly higher than those in the NRS during weeks 4, 8 and 13 (p < 0.05). A total of 157 genera were identified from ducks under the two systems, and the dominant microorganisms in both treatments were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria at the phylum level. The distribution of microorganisms in the ceca of the two treatments showed significant separation during the three time periods, and the value of the Simpson index in the FRS was significantly higher than that in the NRS at 13 wk (p < 0.05). Five differential microorganisms and 25 differential metabolic pathways were found in the ceca at week 4, seven differential microorganisms and 25 differential metabolic pathways were found in the ceca at week 8, and four differential microorganisms and two differential metabolic pathways were found in the ceca at week 13. The rearing system influences duck intestinal development and microorganisms. The FRS group had higher intestinal RL, RW and RW/RL and obviously separated ceca microorganisms compared to those of the NRS group. The differential metabolic pathways of cecal microorganisms decreased with increasing age, and the abundance of translation pathways was higher in the NRS group at week 13, while cofactor and vitamin metabolism were more abundant in the FRS group.

BMC Microbiology published new progress about 63-68-3. 63-68-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Natural product, name is (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C5H11NO2S, HPLC of Formula: 63-68-3.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Xiang, Silin published the artcileArginine regulates inflammation response-induced by Fowl Adenovirus serotype 4 via JAK2/STAT3 pathway, Product Details of C5H11NO2S, the publication is BMC Veterinary Research (2022), 18(1), 189, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Fowl Adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) infection causes severe inflammatory response leading to hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) in poultry. As an essential functional amino acid of poultry, arginine plays a critical role in anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress. In this study, the differential expression genes (DEGs) were screened by transcriptomic techniques, and the DEGs in gene networks of inflammatory response-induced by FAdV-4 in broiler’s liver were analyzed by Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment. The results showed that the cytokines pathway and JAK/STAT pathway were significantly enriched, in which the DEGs levels of IL-6, IL-1¦Â, IFN-¦Á, JAK and STAT were significantly up-regulated after FAdV-4 infection. It was further verified with real-time fluorescence quant. polymerase chain reaction (Real-time qPCR) and Western blotting (WB) in vitro and in vivo. The findings demonstrated that FAdV-4 induced inflammatory response and activated JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Furthermore, we investigated whether arginine could alleviate the liver inflammation induced by FAdV-4. After treatment with 1.92% arginine level diet to broilers or 300¦Ìg/mL arginine culture medium to LMH cell line with FAdV-4 infection at the same time, we found that the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1¦Â, IFN-¦Á and the protein levels of p-JAK2, p-STAT3 were down-regulated, compared with FAdV-4 infection group. Furthermore, we confirmed that the inflammation induced by FAdV-4 was ameliorated by pre-treatment with JAK inhibitor AG490 in LMH cells, and it was further alleviated in LMH cells treatment with AG490 and ARG. These above results provide new insight that arginine protects hepatocytes against inflammation induced by FAdV-4 through JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

BMC Veterinary Research published new progress about 63-68-3. 63-68-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Natural product, name is (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C13H18N2, Product Details of C5H11NO2S.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia