Tag: M.W=100-150

Beaulieu, Pierre L. published the artcileDiscovery of the First Thumb Pocket 1 NS5B Polymerase Inhibitor (BILB 1941) with Demonstrated Antiviral Activity in Patients Chronically Infected with Genotype 1 Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Recommanded Product: 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, the publication is Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2012), 55(17), 7650-7666, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Combinations of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) that have the potential to suppress emergence of resistant virus and that can be used in interferon-sparing regimens represent a preferred option for the treatment of chronic HCV infection. We have discovered allosteric (thumb pocket 1) non-nucleoside inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase that inhibit replication in replicon systems. Herein, we report the late-stage optimization of indole-based inhibitors, which began with the identification of a metabolic liability common to many previously reported inhibitors in this series. By use of parallel synthesis techniques, a sparse matrix of inhibitors was generated that provided a collection of inhibitors satisfying potency criteria and displaying improved in vitro ADME profiles. “Cassette” screening for oral absorption in rat provided a short list of potential development candidates. Further evaluation led to the discovery of the first thumb pocket 1 NS5B inhibitor (BILB 1941) that demonstrated antiviral activity in patients chronically infected with genotype 1 HCV.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 6972-05-0. 6972-05-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Thiourea,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, and the molecular formula is C3H8N2S, Recommanded Product: 1,1-Dimethylthiourea.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Leffler, John E. published the artcileThe reaction of nitrous acid with O-alkylhydroxylamines, Product Details of C4H12ClNO, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (1951), 5473-5, database is CAplus.

cf. C.A. preceding abstract Powd. isatoic anhydride (3.2 g.), 2.8 g. HONH₂.HCl, 2.2 g. anhydrous Na₂CO₃, and 8 cc. water let stand 8 hrs., the solid extracted with 60 cc. water, and the extract refrigerated overnight yielded 1.4 g. O-anthranoylhydroxylamine (I), colorless plates, m. 75-7°; Me₂CO derivative, m. 108.5-9.5°. I (1.37 g.) in 25 cc. water and 6.6 g. 20% HCl treated with 1.24 g. NaNO₂, the mixture treated with 1.6 g. PhOH and 1.0 g. PhOH in 50 cc. water, and (after 1 hr.) excess AcOH added yielded 2.18 g. p-HOC₆H₄N₂C₆H₄CO₂H-o, m. 200-5°. BuONH₂.H₂O (0.125 g.) in 1.5 cc. water treated with 0.069 g. NaNO₂ in 3.5 cc. water, 1 drop 20% HCl added, and the mixture extracted with Et₂O yielded 0.1 cc. oil which gave Bu 3,5-dinitrobenzoate, m. 61-3°. PhCH₂CONH₂.H₂O with HNO₂ yields BzH, N, PhCH₂OH, and NO. iso-BuI (36.8 g.) and 21 g. hydroxyurethan added to 13.2 g. 85% KOH in 60 cc. EtOH, the mixture refluxed 5 hrs., diluted with water, extracted with Et₂O, the extract concentrated, the residue refluxed 1 hr. with 32.4 g. KOH in 70 cc. water, extracted with Et₂O, the extract washed with water, extracted with 70 g. 10% HCl, and the acid extract evaporated in vacuo yielded 1.65 g. O-isobutylhydroxylamine-HCl (II), m. 127-8° (from EtOAc and sublimed). II on treatment with HNO₂ gave an oil which yielded iso-Bu 3,5-dinitrobenzoate, m. 84-5°. sec-BuI gave a product which could not be crystallized, and gave sec-Bu 3;5-dinitrobenzoate, m. 73-5°. K benzohydroxamate (8 g.), 12.5 g. trityl chloride, and 100 cc. pyridine refluxed 1 hr., the mixture diluted with water and extracted with Et₂O yielded O-tritylbenzohydroxamic acid (III), m. 150-2° (from EtOH and from C₆H₆-petr. ether). III on refluxing with alc. KOH yielded p-Ph₃CC₆H₄CHPh₂, m. 230-2°; Br derivative, m. 238-41°.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 6084-58-8. 6084-58-8 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, name is O-Isobutylhydroxylamine hydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C4H12ClNO, Product Details of C4H12ClNO.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Hoque, Emdadul Md published the artcileIridium-Catalyzed Ligand-Controlled Remote para-Selective C-H Activation and Borylation of Twisted Aromatic Amides, Name: 2-Methylbenzoic acid, the publication is Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2022), 61(27), e202203539, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A method of para-selective borylation of fully twisted aromatic amides ArCONBoc₂ is described, yielding boronamides 4-pinBC₆H_nX_4-nCONBoc₂ (X = alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, halo, CN). The borylation proceeded via an unprecedented substrate-ligand distortion between the twisted aromatic amides and a newly designed ligand framework, 4,5-diaza-9H-fluorene (defa) that is different from the traditionally used ligand (dtbpy) for the C-H borylation reactions. The designed ligand defa has led to the development of a new type of catalytic system that shows excellent para selectivity for a range of aromatic amides. Moreover, the designed ligand has shown excellent reactivity and selectivity for a range of heterocyclic aromatic amides. The identification of key transition states and intermediates using the DFT computations associated with the three regio-isomeric pathways revealed that the most efficient catalytic pathway with the defa ligand leads to the para borylation while in the case of bpy the borylation at the para and meta sites compete.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about 118-90-1. 118-90-1 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Natural product, name is 2-Methylbenzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H8O2, Name: 2-Methylbenzoic acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Collins, Jon L. published the artcileN-(2-Benzoylphenyl)-L-tyrosine PPARγ Agonists. 2. Structure-Activity Relationship and Optimization of the Phenyl Alkyl Ether Moiety, Safety of 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, the publication is Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (1998), 41(25), 5037-5054, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

We previously reported the identification of (2S)-((2-benzoylphenyl)amino)-3-{4-[2-(5-methyl-2-phenyloxazol-4-yl)ethoxy]phenyl}propanoic acid (I) (PPARγ pK_i = 8.94, PPARγ pEC₅₀ = 9.47) as a potent and selective PPARγ agonist. We now report the expanded structure-activity relationship around the Ph alkyl ether moiety by pursuing both a classical medicinal chem. approach and a solid-phase chem. approach for analog synthesis. The solution-phase strategy focused on evaluating the effects of oxazole and Ph ring replacements of the 2-(5-methyl-2-phenyloxazol-4-yl)ethyl side chain of I with several replacements providing potent and selective PPARγ agonists with improved aqueous solubility Specifically, replacement of the Ph ring of the phenyloxazole moiety with a 4-pyridyl group to give (2S)-((2-benzoylphenyl)amino)-3-{4-[2-(5-methyl-2-pyridin-4-yloxazol-4-yl)ethoxy]phenyl}propionic acid (PPARγ pK_i = 8.85, PPARγ pEC₅₀ = 8.74) or a 4-methylpiperazine to give (2S)-((2-benzoylphenyl)amino)-3-(4-{2-[5-methyl-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)thiazol-4-yl]ethoxy}phenyl)propionic acid (PPARγ pK_i = 8.66, PPARγ pEC₅₀ = 8.89) provided two potent and selective PPARγ agonists with increased solubility in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and simulated gastric fluid as compared to I. The second strategy took advantage of the speed and ease of parallel solid-phase analog synthesis to generate a more diverse set of Ph alkyl ethers which led to the identification of a number of novel, high-affinity PPARγ ligands (PPARγ pK_i‘s 6.98-8.03). The combined structure-activity data derived from the two strategies provide valuable insight on the requirements for PPARγ binding, functional activity, selectivity, and aqueous solubility

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 6972-05-0. 6972-05-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Thiourea,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, and the molecular formula is C3H8N2S, Safety of 1,1-Dimethylthiourea.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Schneider, Hans Joerg published the artcileInteraction of acyclic and cyclic peralkylammonium compounds and DNA, Safety of Propane-1,3-diamine dihydrochloride, the publication is Angewandte Chemie (1992), 104(9), 1244-6 (See also Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1992, 31(9), 1207-9), database is CAplus.

Electrostatic binding of calf thymus B-DNA by amines was studied with regard to amine structure in the binding mechanism. Free energies of binding by various amines were compared. DNA binding response to amine protonation and alkyl chain length and flexibility were considered. Acyclic and macrocyclic polyammonium derivatives were used as models, and biol. polyamines were discussed.

Angewandte Chemie published new progress about 10517-44-9. 10517-44-9 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, name is Propane-1,3-diamine dihydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C3H12Cl2N2, Safety of Propane-1,3-diamine dihydrochloride.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Kay, John E. published the artcileDirect effects of 1,3-diaminopropane on reticulocyte lysate protein synthesis, SDS of cas: 10517-44-9, the publication is FEBS Letters (1980), 121(2), 309-12, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

1,3-Diaminopropane-2HCl (I) [10517-44-9] inhibited protein synthesis by reticulocyte lysates in the presence of 2 mM Mg²⁺. This was apparently a simple cation effect, since I itself supported protein synthesis by the system in the absence of normal divalent cations. The inhibitory action of I was not due to an antagonistic effect toward spermidine, a natural polyamine associated with protein synthesis, because the inhibition was not diminished when the lyzate was supplemented with large amounts of spermidine-HCl [334-50-9]. Direct inhibition of protein synthesis by I would include, among other effects, a reduction in the concentration of enzymes required for polyamine synthesis. This raises questions as to the specificity of I as an inhibitor of polyamine formation.

FEBS Letters published new progress about 10517-44-9. 10517-44-9 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, name is Propane-1,3-diamine dihydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C3H12Cl2N2, SDS of cas: 10517-44-9.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Fluck, Ekkehard published the artcile[1,3,4]Thiazaphospholidines. IV. [1,3,4]Thiazaphospholidine sulfide and oxide, ethynylaminophosphine, Recommanded Product: 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, the publication is Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and the Related Elements (1994), 90(1-4), 59-78, database is CAplus.

The synthesis of the ethynylaminophosphines, PhCCP(R)(NEt₂) (1, R = NEt₂; 2, R = Ph; 3, R = cyclohexyl), RCCP(Ph)(NEt₂) (4, R = Bu; 5, R = SiMe₃) from substituted alkynylmagnesium bromides and haloaminophosphantes is described. Reaction of 1 with urea derivatives yields the [1,3,4]thiazaphospholidines. 2 Reacts with thiouracil to give thiazaphospholidine I, with 2-mercaptobenzimidazole to give compound II and 3 reacts with 2-mercaptobenzimidazole to give similar benzoimidazothiazaphosphole. The new [1,3,4]thiazaphospholidines can be transferred into the corresponding sulfides by heating with elemental sulfur or into their oxides by treatment with tert-Bu hydroperoxide. The spirocyclic compound III is the product from the reaction with o-chloranil. All new ethynylaminophosphines, [1,3,4]thiazaphospholidines and their sulfides and oxides are characterized by NMR, mass and IR spectra. X-ray structure analyses of I and related compounds were performed.

Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and the Related Elements published new progress about 6972-05-0. 6972-05-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Thiourea,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, and the molecular formula is C3H8N2S, Recommanded Product: 1,1-Dimethylthiourea.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Moazezi, Mohammad Reza published the artcileHydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella vulgaris and catalytic upgrading of product: Effect of process parameter on bio-oil yield and thermodynamics modeling, Application In Synthesis of 6972-05-0, the publication is Fuel (2022), 123595, database is CAplus.

Replacing fossil fuel sources with biofuels is one way to degrade greenhouse gas issuance. Recently, the interest, effort, and investment of researchers around the world in biofuel technol., has been focused on microalgae. The aim of the present work was focused on optimizing the biocrude yield of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Chlorella vulgaris. The effect of temperature, reaction time and the weight ratio of feedstock in different conditions of hydrothermal liquefaction process has been investigated. Optimization of bio-oil performance was done applying design expert software and response surface method (central composite design). The consequences show that the highest yield of bio-oil was obtained from Chlorella vulgaris (56.21% by weight) at 287 °C, reaction time of 40 min, and microalgae to water ratio of 0.07 Anal. of variance (ANOVA), suggests that the liquefaction temperature and reaction time plays the influential role in the bio-oil yield. Ni-Mo/Al₂O₃ was applied as catalyst for upgrading Bio-oil. The amount of sulfur in bio-oil have completely removed and HHV increased 7% (41.11 MJ/Kg) by using catalyst. Moreover, GC/MS anal. illustrates the number of nitrogenous compounds in bio-oil using Ni-Mo/Al₂O₃ was reduced, so that the amount of pyrazine was changed from 4.25% to 2.10% and pyrrole from 4.75% to 3.11%. To thermodn. modeling and predict the phase behavior of the liquefaction process, manipulation of the UNIFAC coefficients equation was model to minimize the Gibbs free energy. The theor. model had a 9.8% prediction error. This generation of bio-oils is expected to be good support for biofuels.

Fuel published new progress about 6972-05-0. 6972-05-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Thiourea,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, and the molecular formula is C3H8N2S, Application In Synthesis of 6972-05-0.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Nudelman, Ayelet published the artcileAcetyl chloride-methanol as a convenient reagent for: A) quantitative formation of amine hydrochlorides B) carboxylate ester formation C) mild removal of N-t-BOC-protective group, Computed Properties of 10517-44-9, the publication is Synthetic Communications (1998), 28(3), 471-474, database is CAplus.

Hydrogen chloride quant. generated in situ by the addition of acetyl chloride to alc. solutions is a useful reagent for carboxylic acid esterification, N-t-Boc deprotection and phosphoramide solvolysis reactions.

Synthetic Communications published new progress about 10517-44-9. 10517-44-9 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, name is Propane-1,3-diamine dihydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C3H12Cl2N2, Computed Properties of 10517-44-9.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Vily-Petit, Justine published the artcileIntestinal gluconeogenesis shapes gut microbiota, fecal and urine metabolome in mice with gastric bypass surgery, Computed Properties of 63-68-3, the publication is Scientific Reports (2022), 12(1), 1415, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN), gastric bypass (GBP) and gut microbiota pos. regulate glucose homeostasis and diet-induced dysmetabolism. GBP modulates gut microbiota, whether IGN could shape it has not been investigated. We studied gut microbiota and microbiome in wild type and IGN-deficient mice, undergoing GBP or not, and fed on either a normal chow (NC) or a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet. We also studied fecal and urine metabolome in NC-fed mice. IGN and GBP had a different effect on the gut microbiota of mice fed with NC and HFHS diet. IGN inactivation increased abundance of Deltaproteobacteria on NC and of Proteobacteria such as Helicobacter on HFHS diet. GBP increased abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria on NC-fed WT mice and of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria on HFHS-fed WT mice. The combined effect of IGN inactivation and GBP increased abundance of Actinobacteria on NC and the abundance of Enterococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae on HFHS diet. A reduction was observed in the amounf of short-chain fatty acids in fecal (by GBP) and in both fecal and urine (by IGN inactivation) metabolome. IGN and GBP, sep. or combined, shape gut microbiota and microbiome on NC- and HFHS-fed mice, and modify fecal and urine metabolome.

Scientific Reports published new progress about 63-68-3. 63-68-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Natural product, name is (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C9H9BrO2, Computed Properties of 63-68-3.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia