Month: November 2022

Lin, Jiahui published the artcileEarly secreted antigenic target of 6-kDa of Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces transition of macrophages into epithelioid macrophages by downregulating iNOS/NO-mediated H3K27 trimethylation in macrophages, Category: catalysis-chemistry, the publication is Molecular Immunology (2020), 189-200, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Granuloma is a pathol. feature of tuberculosis and is a tight immune cell aggregation caused by Mtb. The main constituent cells are macrophages and their derivative cells including epithelioid macrophages. However, the mol. mechanism of the transition has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether early secreted antigenic target of 6-kDa (ESAT6) can induce the transition of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) into epithelioid macrophages and its possible mol. mechanism. The recombinant ESAT6 protein was obtained from E.coli carrying esat6 gene after iso-Pr ¦Â-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction. BMDMs were isolated from bone marrow of mice hind legs. Cells viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) assays. The expression levels of mRNA and proteins were detected by qPCR and Western blot, or evaluated by flow cytometry. The expression level of nitric oxide (NO) was measured with a nitric oxide indicator. ESAT6 could significantly induce mRNA and protein expression levels of a group of epithelioid macrophages marker mols. (EMMMs), including E-cadherin, junction plakoglobin, ZO1, desmoplakin, desmoglein 3 and catenin porteins, in BMDMs. These events could be abrogated in macrophage from TLR2 deficiency mice. ESAT6 could also markedly induce iNOS/NO production that could significantly inhibit trimethylation of H3K27 in the cells. ESAT6-induced expressions of epithelioid macrophages marker mols. were significantly inhibited in the presence of H3K27 histone demethylase inhibitor GSK J1. Furthermore, ROS scavenging agent N,N’-Dimethylthiourea (DMTU) could markedly inhibit the transition induced by ESAT6 in macrophages. This study demonstrates that ESAT6 bound with TLR2 can activate iNOS/NO and ROS signalings to reduce the trimethylation of H3K27 resulting in the increment of EMMMs expression that is beneficial to the transition of macrophages into epithelioid macrophages. However, hypoxia can inhibit this transition event. This study has provided new evidence of pathogenesis of granuloma caused by Mtb and also proposed new ideas for the treatment of TB.

Molecular Immunology published new progress about 6972-05-0. 6972-05-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Thiourea,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, and the molecular formula is C3H8N2S, Category: catalysis-chemistry.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Jiang, Hejin published the artcileSymmetry Breaking and Amplification in a Self-Assembled Helix from Achiral trans-3-Nitrocinnamic Acid, Safety of (E)-3-(3-Nitrophenyl)acrylic acid, the publication is Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2018), 122(23), 12559-12565, database is CAplus.

Understanding the process of chiral symmetry breaking, amplification, and transfer to the macroscopic chirality in self-assembled systems has been a subject of essential challenge and immense interest. Here, we show that a simple trans-3-nitrocinnamic acid (3-NCA) self-assembles into a helix in solution with symmetry breaking. Upon casting on a solid substrate, the tiny chiral bias in solution was amplified into macroscopic chirality, which could be detected via CD measurements. Furthermore, the SEM observation revealed the unequal numbers of left- and right-handed helixes, which accounted for the net supramol. chirality. In comparison with the other isomers or related mols., it was found that only 3-NCA showed symmetry breaking. It was revealed that the H-bond and dipole-dipole interaction were responsible for the spontaneous symmetry breaking. This work provides a further insight into the emergence and amplification of supramol. chirality in self-assembly systems from achiral mols.

Journal of Physical Chemistry C published new progress about 1772-76-5. 1772-76-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Benzenes, name is (E)-3-(3-Nitrophenyl)acrylic acid, and the molecular formula is C9H7NO4, Safety of (E)-3-(3-Nitrophenyl)acrylic acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Liu, Xiao published the artcileExploration of the SAR Connection between Morphinan- and Arylacetamide-Based ¦Ê Opioid Receptor (¦ÊOR) Agonists Using the Strategy of Bridging, Recommanded Product: 4-Nitrophenylacetic acid, the publication is ACS Chemical Neuroscience (2021), 12(6), 1018-1030, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

¦Ê Opioid receptor (¦ÊOR) is a subtype of opioid receptors, and there are two major ¦ÊOR agonists currently available, morphinans and arylacetamides, which are structurally distinct from each other. Numerous efforts had been made to correlate these series of compounds in order to establish a consensus binding pattern for ¦ÊOR agonists. Unfortunately, no morphinan-based agent with an arylacetamidyl substituent has been identified as a ¦ÊOR agonist with a pharmacol. profile similar to arylacetamides. Since the recently described morphinan-based compound SLL-039 was identified as a selective and potent ¦ÊOR agonist that contains a unique benzamidyl substituent in structure similar to arylacetamides, numerous arylacetamidyl substituents were introduced to this scaffold to examine whether the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of arylacetamides in conferring ¦ÊOR agonistic activities could be reproduced by these analogs. Thus, a series of N-cyclopropylmethyl-7¦Á-arylacetamidylphenyl-6,14-endoethanotetrahydronorthebaine analogs were designed, synthesized, and assayed for biol. activities. Among these compounds, compound 4j with a 3′,4′-dimethylphenylacetamidyl substituent showed a single digit low nanomolar affinity to the ¦ÊOR and relatively high subtype selectivity in binding assays, but this profile was not reproduced in functional assays. In contrast, compound 4i displayed moderately selective ¦ÊOR agonistic activities in functional assays, which was inconsistent with its nonselective nature in binding assays. Overall, introduction of an arylacetamidyl substituent to the morphinan-based scaffold was associated with pharmacol. diversity in both binding and functional activities on opioid receptors in vitro. The resultant SARs were inconsistent with that of classical arylacetamides as ¦ÊOR agonists, despite bearing a similar arylacetamidyl substituent in the structure. Therefore, the arylacetamidyl substituent of the morphinan-based scaffold was found to be disconnected from that of arylacetamides in conferring ¦ÊOR activities.

ACS Chemical Neuroscience published new progress about 104-03-0. 104-03-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Nitro Compound,Carboxylic acid,Benzene, name is 4-Nitrophenylacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H7NO4, Recommanded Product: 4-Nitrophenylacetic acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Cui, Shaoyu published the artcileDesign, synthesis and evaluation of wound healing activity for ¦Â-sitosterols derivatives as potent Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase inhibitors, Synthetic Route of 6084-58-8, the publication is Bioorganic Chemistry (2020), 103150, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

¦Â-Sitosterols, is a common steroid that can be identified in a variety of plants and their efficacy in promoting wound healing has been demonstrated. Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, more than a pump, its signal transduction function for involvement in cell growth regulation attracts widespread concern. The Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase/Src receptor complex can serve as a receptor involved in multiple signaling pathways including promoting wound healing pathways. To finding potent accelerating wound healing small mol., we choose the high inhibitory activity of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and non-cardiotoxic natural compound, ¦Â-sitosterol as the substrate. A series of ¦Â-sitosterol derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase inhibitors. Among them, some compounds showed improved inhibitory activity on Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, with IC₅₀ value of 3.0¦ÌM, 3.4¦ÌM, 2.2¦ÌM, which are more potent than ¦Â-sitosterol with IC₅₀ 7.6¦ÌM. Especially, compound I can induce cell proliferation, migration and soluble collagen production in L929 fibroblasts. Compared to model, compound I can accelerate wound healing in SD rats. Further studies indicated that I can activate the sarcoma (Src), uptake the protein kinase B (Akt), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) proteins expression in a concentration dependent manner. Finally, binding mode of compound I with Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase was studied, which provides insights into the determinants of potency and selectivity. These results proved ¦Â-stitosterol derivative 49 can serve as an effective inhibitor of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and potential candidate for accelerating wound healing agents.

Bioorganic Chemistry published new progress about 6084-58-8. 6084-58-8 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, name is O-Isobutylhydroxylamine hydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C4H12ClNO, Synthetic Route of 6084-58-8.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

He, Jian published the artcileLigand-Promoted Borylation of C(sp³)-H Bonds with Palladium(II) Catalysts, Category: catalysis-chemistry, the publication is Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2016), 55(2), 785-789, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A quinoline-based ligand effectively promotes the Pd-catalyzed borylation of C(sp³)-H bonds. Primary ¦Â-C(sp³)-H bonds in carboxylic acid derivatives as well as secondary C(sp³)-H bonds in a variety of carbocyclic rings, including cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes, cyclopentanes, cyclohexanes, and cycloheptanes, can thus be borylated. This directed borylation method complements existing Ir(I)- and Rh(I)-catalyzed C-H borylation reactions in terms of scope and operational conditions. The borylated products were converted into various organic synthons through C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about 1949-41-3. 1949-41-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Carboxylic acid,Benzene, name is 2-Methyl-4-phenylbutanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C11H14O2, Category: catalysis-chemistry.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Zhao, Feng published the artcileDeoxygenative alkylation of tertiary amides using alkyl iodides under visible light, Application In Synthesis of 2051-95-8, the publication is Science China: Chemistry, database is CAplus.

A deoxygenative alkylation strategy was demonstrated and combined amides R¹C(O)N(R²)R³ (R¹ = 2-phenylethyl, 3-(naphthalen-2-yl)propyl, 2-(adamantan-1-yl)ethyl, etc.; R² = Bn, Me, 2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethyl, etc.; R³ = Bn, Me, n-Pr, etc.) and alkyl iodides R⁴I (R⁴ = i-Pr, cyclopentyl, t-Bu, etc.) to build structurally diverse tertiary alkylamines R¹CH(R⁴)NR(²)R³in a single step. Compared with previous deoxygenative alkylation of amides using organometallic reagents as functional partner, this work uses stable and easily available alkyl halides as functionalization reagents. The versatile and flexible strategy plus structural and functional diversity of readily available amides and alkyl iodides renders it highly appealing for the streamlined synthesis of tertiary amines and would be of much interest in areas such as pharmaceutical and agrochem. research.

Science China: Chemistry published new progress about 2051-95-8. 2051-95-8 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Ketone, name is 3-Benzoylpropionicacid, and the molecular formula is C13H10F2, Application In Synthesis of 2051-95-8.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Che, Chao published the artcileTricyclic Aza-Andrographolide Derivatives from Late-Stage Hydroamination and Their Anti-human Coronavirus (Anti-HCoV) Activity, Recommanded Product: 2,4,6-Triisopropylbenzenethiol, the publication is ACS Omega (2022), 7(28), 24824-24837, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A late-stage functionalization (LSF) of the natural product andrographolide for the efficient assembly of a range of structurally interesting and diverse tricyclic-aza derivatives was developed. The key to the diversification is a photo-catalyzed intramol. hydroamination reaction, and acridinium derivatives were demonstrated to be the optimal catalysts. Addnl., the synthesized tricyclic aza-andrographolide derivatives were found to inhibit human coronavirus with high potency.

ACS Omega published new progress about 22693-41-0. 22693-41-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Other Functionalization Reagent, name is 2,4,6-Triisopropylbenzenethiol, and the molecular formula is C15H24S, Recommanded Product: 2,4,6-Triisopropylbenzenethiol.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Zhang, Meng published the artcilePoly(lactic acid)/Poly(butylene succinate) (PLA/PBS) Layered Composite Gas Barrier Membranes by Anisotropic Janus Nanosheets Compartibilizers, Name: 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine, the publication is ACS Macro Letters (2022), 11(5), 657-662, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), one of the most promising biodegradable polymer products, has achieved wide applications for its relatively good mech. properties and moderate degradability. Here we report an environment-friendly filler, the organic-inorganic composite Janus nanosheets (PLA/PBS JNs), which can jam at the interface of the PLA/PBS blend with a low threshold as the compatibilizer and can simultaneously toughen the composites and improve the gas barrier performance due to better interfacial interaction and tortuous path effect. With 0.3 weight % of PLA/PBS JNs added, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the PLA/PBS blend can be improved by 37% and 224%, resp. After a further hot-pressing process, the barrier performance of the PLA/PBS composite membranes can be significantly enhanced since PLA, PLA/PBS JNs, and PBS are arranged in a nearly lamellar structure with oxygen permeability of 0.63 ¡Á 10^-15 cm³ cm¡¤cm^-2 s^-1 Pa^-1 with only 0.5 weight % of PLA/PBS JNs.

ACS Macro Letters published new progress about 13822-56-5. 13822-56-5 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Organic Silicones, name is 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine, and the molecular formula is C6H12Br2, Name: 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Carlsen, Peter N. published the artcileStudies toward the AB ring system of the tetrapetalone natural products, Category: catalysis-chemistry, the publication is Tetrahedron (2015), 71(35), 5886-5896, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Synthetic efforts toward the rapid assembly of the AB ring system of the tetrapetalones, e.g., I, is described. Key to this work was the use of [3+2]-cycloaddition/oxidative extrusion methodol. to furnish functionalized aryl enones. The Nazarov cyclization of these substrates was examined, and optimized to generate the AB ring carbon skeleton. Then, Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling were conducted, and conditions were identified that enabled installation of the requisite C14-N bond.

Tetrahedron published new progress about 1237588-12-3. 1237588-12-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Mono-phosphine Ligands, name is 4-(2-(Di(adamantan-1-yl)phosphino)phenyl)morpholine, and the molecular formula is C30H42NOP, Category: catalysis-chemistry.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Cho, Inha published the artcileSite-selective enzymatic C-H amidation for synthesis of diverse lactams, HPLC of Formula: 1293990-73-4, the publication is Science (Washington, DC, United States) (2019), 364(6440), 575-578, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A major challenge in carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond functionalization is to have the catalyst control precisely where a reaction takes place. In this study, we report engineered cytochrome P 450 enzymes that perform unprecedented enantioselective C-H amidation reactions and control the site selectivity to divergently construct ¦Â-, ¦Ã-, and ¦Ä-lactams, completely overruling the inherent reactivities of the C-H bonds. The enzymes, expressed in Escherichia coli cells, accomplish this abiol. carbon-nitrogen bond formation via reactive iron-bound carbonyl nitrenes generated from nature-inspired acyl-protected hydroxamate precursors. This transformation is exceptionally efficient (up to 1,020,000 total turnovers) and selective (up to 25:1 regioselectivity and 97%, please refer to compound 2v enantiomeric excess), and can be performed easily on preparative scale.

Science (Washington, DC, United States) published new progress about 1293990-73-4. 1293990-73-4 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is O-Pivaloylhydroxylamine trifluoromethanesulfonate, and the molecular formula is C6H12F3NO5S, HPLC of Formula: 1293990-73-4.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia