Tag: M.W=100-150

Senthamarai, Thirusangumurugan published the artcileA “universal” catalyst for aerobic oxidations to synthesize (hetero)aromatic aldehydes, ketones, esters, acids, nitriles, and amides, COA of Formula: C8H8O2, the publication is Chem (2022), 8(2), 508-531, database is CAplus.

Here, the preparation of graphitic layers encapsulated in Co-nanoparticles by pyrolysis of cobalt-piperazine-tartaric acid complex on carbon as a most general oxidation catalyst was reported. This unique material allows for the synthesis of simple, functionalized, and structurally diverse (hetero)aromatic aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, nitriles, and amides from alcs. in excellent yields in the presence of air.

Chem published new progress about 118-90-1. 118-90-1 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Natural product, name is 2-Methylbenzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C9H9F5Si, COA of Formula: C8H8O2.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Nasier, Abudulajiang published the artcileElectrodimerization of N-Alkoxyamides for the Synthesis of Hydrazines, SDS of cas: 6084-58-8, the publication is Journal of Organic Chemistry (2021), 86(22), 16068-16076, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

An efficient and valuable N-N dimerization reaction of N-alkoxyamides R¹C(O)NHOR² (R¹ = Ph, 2-naphthyl, 2-furyl, etc.; R² = Me, i-Pr, Bn, etc.) is reported under undivided electrolytic conditions. This electrochem. strategy provides a powerful way to access a wide range of advanced, highly functionalized hydrazines R¹C(O)N(OR²)N(OR²)C(O)R¹. Remarkably, an N-centered radical generated from the cleavage of the N-H bond under electrolytic conditions plays a crucial role in this transformation. Furthermore, various N-alkoxyamides bearing different substituents are suitable in this transformation, furnishing the corresponding hydrazines in up to 92% yield.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 6084-58-8. 6084-58-8 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, name is O-Isobutylhydroxylamine hydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C4H12ClNO, SDS of cas: 6084-58-8.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Secula, Aurelie published the artcileMaternal dietary methionine restriction alters the expression of energy metabolism genes in the duckling liver, COA of Formula: C5H11NO2S, the publication is BMC Genomics (2022), 23(1), 407, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

In mammals, the nutritional status experienced during embryonic development shapes key metabolic pathways and influences the health and phenotype of the future individual, a phenomenon known as nutritional programming. In farmed birds as well, the quantity and quality of feed offered to the dam can impact the phenotype of the offspring. We have previously reported that a 38% reduction in the intake of the Me donor methionine in the diet of 30 female ducks during the growing and laying periods – from 10 to 51 wk of age – reduced the body weight of their 180 mule ducklings compared to that of 190 ducklings from 30 control females. The maternal dietary methionine restriction also altered the hepatic energy metabolism studied in 30 of their ducklings. Thus, their plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations were higher while their plasma free fatty acid level was lower than those measured in the plasma of 30 ducklings from the control group. The objective of this new study was to better understand how maternal dietary methionine restriction affected the livers of their newly hatched male and female ducklings by investigating the hepatic expression levels of 100 genes primarily targeting energy metabolism, amino acid transport, oxidative stress, apoptotic activity and susceptibility to liver injury. Sixteen of the genes studied were differentially expressed between the ducklings from the two groups. Maternal dietary methionine restriction affected the mRNA levels of genes involved in different pathways related to energy metabolism such as glycolysis, lipogenesis or electron transport. Moreover, the mRNA levels of the nuclear receptors PPARGC1B, PPARG and RXRA were also affected. Our results show that the 38% reduction in methionine intake in the diet of female ducks during the growing and egg-laying periods impacted the liver transcriptome of their offspring, which may explain the previously observed differences in their liver energy metabolism These changes in mRNA levels, together with the observed phenotypic data, suggest an early modulation in the establishment of metabolic pathways.

BMC Genomics published new progress about 63-68-3. 63-68-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Natural product, name is (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C16H10O5, COA of Formula: C5H11NO2S.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Wang, Su-Sun published the artcileKinetic studies at high pH of the trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of N(super spa)-benzoyl derivatives of L-arginamide, L-lysinamide, and S-2-aminoethyl-L-cysteinamide and related compounds, Recommanded Product: 2-(Methylthio)ethanamine hydrochloride, the publication is Journal of Biological Chemistry (1968), 243(13), 3702-10, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A steady state kinetic anal. made of the trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of N¦Á-benzoyl-L-arginamide, N¦Á-benzoyl-L-lysinamide, and N¦Á-benzoyl-S-2-aminoethyl-L-cysteinamide at pH 8-10.7 at 30¡ã. The apparent Michaelis constant, Km (app), of the arginine derivative changes from 2.5 to 4.5 ¡Á 10-3M while that of the lysine derivative increases from 4.6 to 17.2 ¡Á 10-3M in going from pH 8 to 10.7. Over the same range the kcat (kcat = Vmax./enzyme concentration at 0 time) for the arginine derivative decreases from 2.8 to 1.5 sec.-1 while the value for the lysine derivative decreases from 1.9 to 1.3 sec.-1 At pH 8.0, the Km (app) for the aminoethylcysteine derivative (4.3 ¡Á 10-3M) was about the same as that for lysine derivative whereas the value of kcat of 0.33 sec.-1 was considerably lower. At pH 9, ¡Ü30¡ã, the conditions in which the reaction was first order with respect to substrate concentration, the relative rate of cleavage of the arginyl, lysyl, and aminoethylcysteinyl bonds was 100:40:7. From the effect of pH on Km (app) and kcat of the arginine derivative, it was deduced that the enzyme possessed an ionizable group with a pKa of 10.4 which must be protonated in order to have a fully active enzyme. After correcting for the ionization of the enzyme, the effect of pH on the kinetic parameters of lysine and aminoethylcysteine derivatives could be correlated with the dissociation of their distal amino groups. The ionization constants of these groups as determined by the kinetic method agreed within 0.3 pH unit of their values as determined by titration in distilled water. More importantly, it was found by titration that the pKa of the ¦Á-amino group of the aminoethylcysteine derivative was 9.4 while the pKa for the ¦Å-amino group of the lysine derivative was 10.3. The same difference in the ionization constant was determined by the kinetic method. As a result of the difference in pK values between the basic groups of arginyl, lysyl, and aminoethylcysteinyl residues, it should be possible at high pH (10.7) to catalyze the hydrolysis of arginyl bonds in an aminoethylated protein with no cleavage of aminoethylcysteinyl bonds and with only slight cleavage of lysyl bonds. At pH 7.9, there was no indication of substrate activation by the above mentioned amides or by N¦Á-tosyl-L-arginamide or N¦Á-tosyl-L-lysinamide over the substrate range of 5 ¡Á 10-5 to 5 ¡Á 10-2M. Under the same conditions the phenomenon attributed to substrate activation was observed for N¦Á-tosyl-L-arginine Me ester and N¦Á-tosyl-L-lysine Me ester. These studies were performed with trypsin that had been treated with the chymotrypsin inhibitor, L-(1-tosylamido-2-phenyl)ethyl ketone, and subjected to chromatog. on CM-cellulose. The chromatog. revealed 2 active components which were apparently interconvertible on rechromatog.

Journal of Biological Chemistry published new progress about 6950-53-4. 6950-53-4 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,sulfides,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, name is 2-(Methylthio)ethanamine hydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C6H4ClNO2, Recommanded Product: 2-(Methylthio)ethanamine hydrochloride.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Saenz de Urturi, Diego published the artcileMethionine adenosyltransferase 1a antisense oligonucleotides activate the liver-brown adipose tissue axis preventing obesity and associated hepatosteatosis, Application of (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, the publication is Nature Communications (2022), 13(1), 1096, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Altered methionine metabolism is associated with weight gain in obesity. The methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT), catalyzing the first reaction of the methionine cycle, plays an important role regulating lipid metabolism However, its role in obesity, when a plethora of metabolic diseases occurs, is still unknown. By using antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and genetic depletion of Mat1a, here, we demonstrate that Mat1a deficiency in diet-induce obese or genetically obese mice prevented and reversed obesity and obesity-associated insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis by increasing energy expenditure in a hepatocyte FGF21 dependent fashion. The increased NRF2-mediated FGF21 secretion induced by targeting Mat1a, mobilized plasma lipids towards the BAT to be catabolized, induced thermogenesis and reduced body weight, inhibiting hepatic de novo lipogenesis. The beneficial effects of Mat1a ASO were abolished following FGF21 depletion in hepatocytes. Thus, targeting Mat1a activates the liver-BAT axis by increasing NRF2-mediated FGF21 secretion, which prevents obesity, insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis.

Nature Communications published new progress about 63-68-3. 63-68-3 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Natural product, name is (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C5H11NO2S, Application of (S)-2-Amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Meschke, C. published the artcileComplexes of cucurbituril with mono- and diammonium ions in aqueous formic acid studied by calorimetric titrns, Related Products of catalysis-chemistry, the publication is Thermochimica Acta (1997), 297(1-2), 43-48, database is CAplus.

The thermodn. data of the complexation reaction between the ligand cucurbituril and different alkylmonoamine and alkyldiamine hydrochlorides have been studied in aqueous formic acid. The stability constants, the reaction enthalpies and the reaction entropies are obtained from calorimetric titrations At both rims of the cavity of cucurbituril the carbonyl groups interact with ions by ion-dipole interactions. If ammonium ions with longer alkyl chains enter the hydrophobic cavity of cucurbituril hydrophobic interactions participate in the complex formation. The hydrophobic contribution to the reaction enthalpy is calculated for the alkyl monoammonium ions. In 50% (volume/volume) formic acid the enthalpies of the hydrophobic interactions contribute more to the exptl. reaction enthalpy that the ion-dipole interactions.

Thermochimica Acta published new progress about 10517-44-9. 10517-44-9 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, name is Propane-1,3-diamine dihydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C3H12Cl2N2, Related Products of catalysis-chemistry.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Ocak, Mirac published the artcileThermodynamic data for the formation of 1:1 and 2:1 complexes of ¦Á,¦Ø-diamino dihydrochlorides with 18-crown-6 in aqueous solution, Quality Control of 10517-44-9, the publication is Journal of Solution Chemistry (2008), 37(5), 595-601, database is CAplus.

Calorimetric titrations are used to study the interactions between the crown ether 18-crown-6 and several ¦Á,¦Ø-diamino dihydrochlorides in aqueous solution These complexes are formed by ion-dipole interactions between the pos. charged nitrogen atoms and the oxygen donor atoms of the crown ether. Depending on the exptl. conditions, the formation of 1:1 or 2:1 complexes (ligand:diamines) can be studied. The solvation of the ligand and the amines are responsible for the observed thermodn. values. The number of water mols. released during the reaction were calculated from the determined reaction entropies. Formation of 1:1 complexes distorts the solvation shell around the mols. As a result, the number of solvent mols. released during the formation of the 2:1 complexes is slightly smaller than the number released from formation of the 1:1 complex. No exptl. evidence is observed for the formation of 1:1 complexes between one crown ether and two protonated amino groups.

Journal of Solution Chemistry published new progress about 10517-44-9. 10517-44-9 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, name is Propane-1,3-diamine dihydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C3H12Cl2N2, Quality Control of 10517-44-9.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Alajarin, Mateo published the artcileOn the [2+2] Cycloaddition of 2-Aminothiazoles and Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate. Experimental and Computational Evidence of a Thermal Disrotatory Ring Opening of Fused Cyclobutenes, Safety of 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, the publication is Journal of Organic Chemistry (2006), 71(14), 5328-5339, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The reaction of 2-(phenylamino)- and 2-(dimethylamino)thiazoles with di-Me acetylenedicarboxylate led unexpectedly to di-Me 6-(phenylamino)- and 6-(dimethylamino)-3,4-pyridinedicarboxylates. Those compounds reasonably result from a sequence of reactions initiated by a [2 + 2] cycloaddition of the alkyne to the formal C:C of the thiazole ring. These pyridines were obtained in nearly all the cases assayed as the exclusive reaction products under rather mild conditions and in fair to good yields. In contrast, the regioisomeric 2-amino-3,4-pyridinedicarboxylates, which would result from a [4 + 2] cycloaddition followed by sulfur extrusion, were only obtained in one particular case. The two reaction paths leading alternatively to both regioisomers were investigated computationally. The resp. [2 + 2] and [4 + 2] cycloadducts were found to be formed stepwise from a common dipolar intermediate. Notably, the step following the [2 + 2] cycloaddition (i.e., the ring opening of the fused cyclobutene intermediate to give an all-cis 1,3-thiazepine) was found to take place in a disrotatory mode. Although geometric constraints and electronic factors may reduce the energy for the disrotation, the implication of the fused five-membered ring in the electronic reorganization leading to the 1,3-thiazepine is determinant. In this sense, this step could be regarded also as a thermally allowed six-electron five-center disrotatory electrocyclic ring opening. The proposed mechanism was exptl. supported by the isolation of several intermediates and other exptl. facts.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 6972-05-0. 6972-05-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Thiourea,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, and the molecular formula is C3H8N2S, Safety of 1,1-Dimethylthiourea.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Alajarin, Mateo published the artcile5-Alkenylthiazoles as In-Out Dienes in Polar [4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions, Formula: C3H8N2S, the publication is European Journal of Organic Chemistry (2013), 2013(33), 7500-7511, database is CAplus.

5-Alkenyl-2-thiazolamine derivatives react as in-out dienes with a wide range of electron-poor dienophiles leading to the corresponding cycloaddition products in good to excellent yields. A [4+2] cycloaddition of 5-alkenyl-2-aminothiazole derivatives can be classified as site-selective because only the diene group incorporating a formal carbon-carbon double bond (C-C double bond) of the heterocycle and that of the side-chain is involved. Calculations of the HOMO energy values of representative 5-alkenyl-2-aminothiazole derivatives were disclosed. The cycloaddition is endo-selective with N-phenylmaleimide or maleic anhydride and regioselective when the reactions are conducted with nonsym. dienophiles. Completely oxidized cycloadducts are obtained in a reaction of 5-alkenyl-2-aminothiazoles with naphthoquinone or di-Me acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD). Unexpectedly, a reaction with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (PTAD) was not stereospecific. A mechanism placed at the concerted/stepwise boundary is proposed. The synthesis of the target compounds was achieved by a reaction of N,N-dimethyl-5-[2-(phenyl)ethenyl]-2-thiazolamine 1-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (maleimide), 2,5-furandione (maleic anhydride), 4-phenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4H)-dione, 1,1,2,2-ethenetetracarbonitrile, 1,4-naphthalenedione, 2-butynedioic acid 1,4-di-Me ester, di-Me fumarate, 2-propenoic acid Me ester.

European Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 6972-05-0. 6972-05-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Thiourea,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, and the molecular formula is C3H8N2S, Formula: C3H8N2S.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia

Alajarin, Mateo published the artcile4-Alkenyl-2-aminothiazoles: Smart Dienes for Polar [4 + 2] Cycloadditions, Computed Properties of 6972-05-0, the publication is European Journal of Organic Chemistry (2013), 2013(3), 474-489, database is CAplus.

An exhaustive investigation into the [4 + 2] cycloadditions of 4-alkenyl-2-aminothiazoles with a wide range of dienophiles has been carried out. 4-Alkenyl-2-aminothiazoles acted as good in-out dienes, reacting with dienophiles bearing electron-withdrawing groups. The heteroannulations, typically conducted under mild conditions, were endo-selective when cyclic dienophiles were used, and regioselective when the reactions are conducted with unsym. dienophiles. The endo-selective processes presumably took place by concerted but highly asynchronous mechanisms. In contrast, the low levels of endo selectivity and the lack of stereospecificity in the reactions with certain acyclic dienophiles indicated a stepwise mechanism with a zwitterion as the most plausible intermediate. The course of the reaction changed when the highly reactive PTAD and TCNE are used as dienophiles, since in these cases, only addition products were obtained. Calculations of the HOMO and LUMO energy values of representative 4-alkenyl-2-aminothiazoles, and the results of ¦Ð-facial diastereoselective processes by using chiral substrates are also disclosed.

European Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 6972-05-0. 6972-05-0 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Thiourea,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Amide, name is 1,1-Dimethylthiourea, and the molecular formula is C3H8N2S, Computed Properties of 6972-05-0.

Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia