Ema, Tadashi published the artcileQuaternary ammonium hydroxide as a metal-free and halogen-free catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide, Quality Control of 17351-62-1, the publication is Catalysis Science & Technology (2015), 5(4), 2314-2321, database is CAplus.
Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) and other quaternary ammonium hydroxides catalyzed the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides under solvent-free conditions to give cyclic carbonates. When TBAH was exposed to CO2, TBAH was converted into tetrabutylammonium bicarbonate (TBABC), which was a catalytically active species. A D-labeled epoxide and an optically active epoxide were used to study the reaction mechanism, which invoked three plausible pathways. Among them, path A seemed to be predominant; the bicarbonate ion of TBABC attacks the less hindered C atom of the epoxide to generate a ring-opened alkoxide intermediate, which adds to CO2 to give a carbonate ion, and the subsequent cyclization yields a cyclic carbonate. D. functional theory (DFT) calculations successfully delineated the potential energy profile for each reaction pathway, among which path A was the lowest-energy pathway in accordance with the exptl. results. The tetrabutylammonium (TBA) cation carries the pos. charges on the H atoms, but not on the central N atom, and the pos. charged H atoms close to the central N atom form an anion-binding site capable of stabilizing various anionic transition states and intermediates.
Catalysis Science & Technology published new progress about 17351-62-1. 17351-62-1 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Salt,Amine, name is Tetrabutylammonium hydrogencarbonate, and the molecular formula is C17H37NO3, Quality Control of 17351-62-1.
Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia