Gorvin, John H. published the artcileThe synthesis of di- and triarylamines through halogen displacement by base-activated arylamines: comparison with the Ullmann condensation, Category: catalysis-chemistry, the publication is Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) (1988), 1331-5, database is CAplus.
Diarylamines, e.g. RC6H4NHC6H4R1 (I; R = 2-, 4-NO2, 2-, 4-cyano; R1 = 2-, 4-NO2, 2-, 4-cyano), were prepared by nucleophilic substitution of R1C6H4F by RC6H4NH2 (II) in the presence of Me3COK in Me2SO at room temperature Triarylamines, e.g. RC6H4N(C6H4R1)(C6H4R2), (R = 2-, 4-NO2, 4-cyano; R1 = 2-, 4-NO2, 4-cyano; R2 = 2-, 4-NO2, 4-cyano) were similarly prepared from I and R2C6H4F at 125-150¡ã. Certain aryl chlorides, e.g. R1C6H4Cl (R1 = 2-, 4-NO2), underwent nucleophilic substitution with II (R = 2-, 4-NO2) in the presence of Cs2CO3 to give 66-90% I. It was confirmed that alkali metal carbonates play only an auxiliary role in the Ullmann (copper-assisted) diarylamine synthesis conducted in dipolar aprotic solvents.
Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) published new progress about 1821-27-8. 1821-27-8 belongs to catalysis-chemistry, auxiliary class Nitro Compound,Amine,Benzene, name is Bis(4-nitrophenyl)amine, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O4, Category: catalysis-chemistry.
Referemce:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/,
Catalysis – Wikipedia